Philosophy Assignment Essay

Philosophy Creative Assignment: Anticipating possible negative consequences or weaknesses of the proposed political system In the leadership of any political system, there will always be possible weaknesses. Therefore, it is necessary to anticipate these possible weaknesses or problems and try to correct them as much as possible. Concerning our proposed political system, which is aristocracy, several flaws or negative consequences may arise. Firstly, the leaders are divorced from the society of Springfield and they may not know what the people of Springfield actually need. The leaders are given absolute authority in running the society because only rulers have been identified as competent rulers who have passed all tests and undergone relevant training. However, as these leaders make governmental policies, they may fail to take into consideration what the people really need, especially since the people of the other classes, the laborer and the warrior classes, cannot challenge these leaders’ administration. To mitigate the negative effects of this problem, changes can be made to the proposed political system in the long term. A biannual meeting session between the leaders and selected people of the other classes can be introduced, whereby these people can raise their needs and concerns. That way, the leaders will know some, if not most or all of the major concerns and needs of the citizens of Springfield through the session, and this will go a long way in helping the leaders craft their governmental policies to address the needs of the citizens of Springfield. Another possible negative consequence which may arise from the proposed political system is that there will be no upward social mobility for the people of Springfield. Due to aristocracy, the people will be grouped into either one of the three different classes, the rulers, the warriors and the laborers. Once the people are grouped into their respective classes, there is no way for these people to make a switch in their roles, and this means the warriors and laborers are unable to rise in status and income no matter what. As these people will not enjoy any upward movement of the socio-economic ladder despite the effort they put into their jobs, unhappiness may become rife and many of the people who are reward-driven may produce slipshod work. All these will eventually lead to undesirable consequences, such as low productivity of the people. To tackle this possible negative consequence, the proposed political system (aristocracy) can be modified to allow people of the warrior and laborer classes to freely choose their roles and switch their roles, but with valid reasons (permanent injury to a warrior etc.). This way, the people of Springfield will be more contented with their roles since the roles they choose would suit their preferences and needs. Thus, the possibility of unhappiness among the people is minimized and productivity of the people will be maintained or even increase. Furthermore, as society progresses, the people of Springfield would be happy and contented and would not hesitate to put in their utmost effort into their roles to ensure that Springfield continues to prosper in the future. Word count: 498 words.

Pediatric Nursing Shortage Essay

The Society of Pediatric Nurses (SPN) has been instrumental in advocating for high quality, culturally sensitive, and comprehensive care for children and families. The healthcare needs of pediatric patients present unique challenges due to different developmental stages, limited communication skills, and differences in epidemiology and approaches to treatment as compared to adults. Nurse staffing is a focus of major concern because of the impact of staffing patterns on patient safety and quality of care. The advent of managed care, shortened hospital stays, and public reporting of quality measures demand that healthcare organizations objectively define and assess the quality of care delivered to children and families. Registered Nurses are the primary caregivers within the healthcare setting and are the essential link in assisting patients and families with navigating and humanizing a highly technical and impersonal healthcare system. An organization’s commitment to high quali ty pediatric care is dependent upon appropriate staffing levels with adequately prepared nurses and the implementation of collaborative, evidence-based practice (Schwalenstocker, Bisarya, Lau, & Adebimpe, 2007). In 2007, members of the Public Policy Committee developed the Safe Staffing Position Statement. This document outlined recommendations for safe and effective nursing care for children and their families. The position statement was recently updated and is intended to serve as the framework to assist organizations providing care to children in the implementation of evidenced based staffing plans to promote high-quality care. It is imperative that schools of nursing, healthcare institutions and pediatric nurses utilize this document as a resource to ensure that appropriate education, training, resources and effective staffing plans are provided to ensure the provision of safe, quality, customer focused care to pediatric patients and their families. Problem Statement Following a Congressional request in 1993 for the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to study the adequacy of nurse staffing in hospitals and nursing homes, a 1996 IOM report recognized the importance of determining the appropriate nurse-patient ratios and distribution of skills to ensure patients receive quality care. A September 1999 IOM report first called the public’s attention to the problem of increased patient morbidity and mortality related to errors occurring within healthcare delivery systems. Since that time there has been a growing emphasis on patient safety, process improvement and the potential effects of adequate staffing. Rationale and Supporting Information Research has continued to show the association between nursing staffing and improved patient outcomes (Aiken, et al, 2010; Kane, et al, 2007; Needleman, et al, 2006; Stanton, 2004; American Organization of Nurse Executives, 2003; Aiken, et al, 2002). In 2007 the Child Health Corporation of America is association with the National Association of Children’s Hospitals and Related Institutions (NACHRI) and Medical Management Planning/BENCHmarking Effort for Networking Children’s Hospitals found increased nurse staffing was associated with improved patient/family experience with care and a reduced incidence of adverse outcomes. NACHRI also reported that The Joint Commission found staffing levels had been a critical factor in 20 percent of sentinel events occurring over a ten year period from 19952005 (Schwalenstocker, Bisarya, Lau & Adebimpe, 2007). Stratton (2008) found a reduction in the rate of pediatric central line blood stream infections with an increase in nursing sta ffing hours. Research conducted by Mark, Harless and Berman (2007) showed a statistically significant reduction in postoperative cardiopulmonary complications, pneumonia and infections in the pediatric population with increased RN staffing. In addition, nurse staffing levels have also been found to be a critical determinant of nurse job satisfaction (American Organization of Nurse Executives, 2003). During the 108th Session of Congress (2003-2004), The Registered Nurse Safe Staffing Act was first introduced. The intent of the act is to hold hospitals accountable for the implementation of valid and reliable nurse staffing plans, taking into consideration each hospital unit’s unique needs and strengths. The Registered Nurse Safe Staffing Act was reintroduced in the 110th Congress (2007-2008) and further refined and reintroduced on June 15, 2010 under S.3491/H.R.5527 during the 111th Congress (American Nurses Association, 2010). The Society of Pediatric Nurses (SPN) believes the following additional factors are of critical importance regarding safe staffing for pediatric patients: †¢ There are unique challenges with caring for children. These challenges include: o Infants and young children are dependent upon adult caregivers and require closer supervision. o Many children have not yet acquired the communication skills to warn clinicians about a potential mistake or verbalize possible adverse effects about their care. Medication administration is much more complex since weight based dosing is required o for most medications (Kaushal, et al, 2001). The acuity and intensity of nursing resources required to care for children have been growing steadily (Monsen & Finley, 2007; NACHRI, 2003). Of the 14.1 million children in the US living in poverty, 1 in 10 lack health care coverage (Children’s Defense Fund, 2010). Childhood poverty contributes to deficits in primary and preventative health care and results in increased healthcare issues and higher acuity for these children (Children’s Defense Fund, 2002). Pediatric nurses practice in many settings including hospitals, schools, homes, clinics, long term care facilities, and public health centers. The multitude of settings and the wide range of resources available in each setting greatly affect the type and number of nursing staff required to care for any given patient population. The level of experience of nursing staff, unit layout, and level of ancillary support must be considered when establishing the staffing needs and assignment plan for any given unit (Institute of Medicine, 2010; American Nurses Association, 2007). Society of Pediatric Nurses Position/Recommendations SPN believes that all children and their families should receive safe, high quality, culturally sensitive, family-centered care in an environment that supports the development of the child and promotes excellence in nursing care. As an advocate for patients, families, and the pediatric nursing profession, SPN endorses the following recommendations: 1. Staffing is a complex issue composed of multiple variables (American Organization of Nurse Executives, 2003). No single published ratio for nursing staffing is automatically applicable in all settings where children receive care. Published recommendations for staffing ratios must be carefully evaluated for the particular pediatric setting since these ratios may inadvertently minimize the complexity and multitude of issues that must be considered in the care of pediatric patients and their families. 2. The professional registered nurse must be considered an essential member of the team providing care for children and their families; staffing plans must reflect this vital role (American Nurses Credentialing Center, 2003). 3. Healthcare institutions should develop valid and reliable staffing plans (American Nurses Association, 2010) and patient assignments should promote developmentally appropriate, high quality care for children and families. Nursing leadership, registered nurses and other designated nursing staff should be involved in the development of staffing plans and proper preparation of staff for the patient populations cared for within the facility (Joint Commission, 2010). 4. While the specific details of these staffing plans will vary with individual patient needs and facility resources, SPN believes the following factors should be considered in all staffing situations: Number and acuity of the patient population. a. Assessment of patient needs including special developmental, physiological, psychosocial, and learning needs of children and their families. b. Availability of specialized pediatric equipment and supplies to provide the necessary care and the availability of other support services such as respiratory care, child life, social services, and spiritual care (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2006, 2004a, 2004b, 1998). c. Level of education, competency, and the extent of experience and specialized pediatric training of available staff. d. Family involvement and/or the family’s special needs related to meeting the healthcare needs of the child (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2006; Lewandowski & Tessler, 2003). e. Comparable pediatric staffing benchmark data and/or staffing guidelines from other pediatric focused professional organizations should be integrated into developing staffing plans if at all possible (National Association of Neonatal Nurses 2008; American Nurses Association, 2008; American Academy of Pediatrics 2006, 2004a, 2004b, 1998; NACHRI, 2003). 5. Nurses caring for pediatric patients must have appropriate education and experience to demonstrate competency in the care of this highly specialized patient population. The core concepts as cited in the following sources should be included in education and training: Pediatric Nursing: Scope and Standards of Pediatric Nursing Practice (American Nurses Association, 2008) Position Statement on Family Centered Care Content in the Nursing Education Curriculum (Society of Pediatric Nurses, 2008) Position Statement on Child Health Content in the Undergraduate Curriculum (Society of Pediatric Nurses, 2007) Core Curriculum for the Nursing Care of Children and Their Families (Broome & Rollins, 1999) Standards and Guidelines for Pre-Licensure and Early Professional Education for the Nursing Care of Children and Their Families (Woodring, 1998). 6. Organizations and nursing staff providing care for pediatric patients should commit to ongoing maintenance of nursing staff’s clinical competency through continuing education that ensures a current knowledge base of issues and trends in pediatric care delivery. 7. Organizations should work to establish practice environments characterized by open communication, teamwork, and effective collaborative problem solving to address nurse staffing issues and ensure safe, effective care for children and families. 8. Nurses are encouraged to assume professional accountability for their own practice. Nurses have accountability for the following: Being an advocate for the role of the registered professional nurse Being knowledgeable of state practice acts Being knowledgeable of the mechanisms available to address potential staffing issues References Aiken, L. H., Sloane, D. M., Cimiotti, J. P., Clarke, S. P., Flynn, L., Seago, J. A., Spetz, J. & Smith, H. L. (2010). Implications of the California nurse staffing mandate for other states. Health Services Research, 45(4), 904-921. Aiken L. H., Clarke, S. P., Sloane, D. M., Sochalski, J., Silber, J. H. (2002). Hospital nurse staffing and patient mortality, nurse burnout, and job dissatisfaction. Journal of the American Medical Association, 288(16), 1987-1993. American Academy of Pediatrics (2006). Child life services. Pediatrics, 118(4); 1757-1763. American Academy of Pediatrics (2004b). Levels of neonatal care. Pediatrics 114(5); 1342-1347. American Academy of Pediatrics (2004a). Guidelines and levels of care for pediatric intensive care units. Pediatrics 114(4); 1114-1125. American Academy of Pediatrics (1998). Facilities and equipment for the care of pediatric patients in a community hospital. Pediatrics 101(6); 1089-1090. American Nurses Association. (2010). Safe staffing saves lives. Federal legislation: Registered nurse safe staffing act. Retrieved on-line February 13, 2011. http://www.safestaffingsaveslives.org/whatisANAdoing/federallegislation.aspx?css=print American Nurses Association (2008). Pediatric nursing: Scope and standards of practice. Washington DC: Author. American Nurses Association. (2007). Acute care staffing. Nursing’s legislative and regulatory initiatives for the 110th Congress: Appropriate staffing. Retrieved on-line: February 13, 2011. http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAPoliticalPower/Federal/legis/AcuteCare.aspx. American Nurses Credentialing Center. (2003). The magnet recognition program for excellence in nursing service health care organization, instructions and application process. Pub# MAGMAN03. Washington, DC: Author. American Organization of Nurse Executives (2003). AONE policy statement on mandated staffing ratios. Retrieved on-line: January 21, 20 11. http://www.aone.org/aone/advocacy/ps_ratios.html. Broome, M. & Rollins, J. (Eds.). (1999). Core curriculum for the nursing care of children and their families. Pittman, NJ: Jannetti Publications. Children’s Defense Fund. (2010). The state of America’s children 2010. Retrieved on line February 13, 2011. http://www.childrensdefense.org/child-research-data-publications/data/state-of-americas-children2010-report.html. Children’s Defense Fund. (2002). Basic facts on poverty. Child Poverty FAQs. Washington DC: Author. Institute of Medicine. (2010). The future of nursing: leading change, advancing health. Report brief: 2010. Washington DC: Author. Institute of Medicine. (1999). To err is human: Building a safer health care system. Washington, DC: Author. Joint Commission. (2010). Joint commission accreditation resources: Accreditation manager plus. Retrieved on-line: February 21, 2011. http://qvcsql01/JCRAMP/Frame.aspx. Kane, R. L., Shamliyan, T. A., Mueller, C., Duval, S., Wilt, T. J. (2007). The association of registered nurse staffing levels and patient outcomes. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Medical Care, 45(12): 1195-1204. Kaushal, R., Bates, D.W., Landrigan, C., McKenna, K. J., Clapp, M. D., Federico, F., Goldman, D. A. (2001). Medication errors and adverse drug events in pediatric inpatients. Journal of the American Medical Association, 285(16), 2114-2120. Lewandowski, L. A. & Tessler, M. D. (Eds.). (2003). Family-centered care: Putting it into action: The SPN/ANA guide to family-centered care. Washington DC: American Nurses Publishing. Mark, B. A., Harless, D. W., Berman, W. F. (2007). Nurse staffing and adverse events in hospitalized children. Policy, Politics & Nursing Practice, 8(2): 83-92. Monsen, R. B., Finley, S. (2007). Shortage of nurses and child health. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 22(3), 231-232). National Association of Children’s Hospitals and Related Institution s. (2003). Clinical practices service program: Benchmark data. Available from www.childrenshospitals.net/nachri. National Association of Neonatal Nurses (2008). Minimum RN staffing in NICU’s. Retrieved online February 11, 2011. http://www.nann.org/pdf/08_3009_rev.pdf. Needleman, J., Buerhaus, P. I., Stewart, M., Zelevinsky, K., Soeren, M. (2006). Nurse staffing in hospitals: Is there a business case for quality? Health Affairs, 25(1): 204-211. Schwalenstocker, E., Bisarya, H., Lau, S. & Adebimpe, O. (2007). Nursing-sensitive indicators for children’s hospital care quality: Indicators are essential, but further testing is needed for use in comparing hospital performance. A white paper prepared by the Pediatric Data Quality Systems (PediQS) Collaborative. September 2007. Retrieved on line: February 8, 2011: http://www.childrenshospitals.net/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Site_Map3&Template=/CM/ContentDisp lay.cfm&ContentID=29730. Society of Pediatric Nurses. (2008). Position st atement on family centered care content in the nursing education curriculum. Retrieved on-line: February 21, 2011. http://www.pedsnurses.org/component/option,com_docman/Itemid,222/task,doc_view/gid,193/

The Cosby show Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Cosby show - Essay Example The aspects that are portrayed in The Cosby Show are essential to the Black culture. This includes black universities, colleges, the Black art that was placed specifically on the Walls of the famous Huxatable house, artist of the jazz music are shown in every episode. These aspects are continuously acknowledged and portrayed blackness in such a way that it has not yet been seen by any other black viewers. The show reconfigured the industrialized and artistic spaces through which illustration and symbol of black on modern television are fabricated. Furthermore, it has been revealed that the show influenced and created huge impact on black consciousness and provided positive message about the experience of Black people. Bill Cosby and producers tried to downplay the issue of race in a brilliant way and expected that audiences are mature and sensible enough to look at the past problems that make every person different from

SWOT Analysis Is Deeply Flawed and Should Not Be Applied as a Modern Essay

SWOT Analysis Is Deeply Flawed and Should Not Be Applied as a Modern Marketing Tool - Essay Example This analysis is mainly used in strategic management where that organization aimed at having a competitive advantage from its competitors and it is continuously reviewed. SWOT analysis has been upheld by many organizations, its benefits explored and also its weakness criticized (Evans, and Wright, 2009, p. 10). It is in this bid that this paper will be committed to discussing the thesis statement: SWOT analysis is deeply flawed and should not be applied as a modern marketing tool. Figure 1 The Inherent Weaknesses of SWOT Analysis To begin with, SWOT analysis is flawed as a marketing tool since it does not provide with all the information that is required by managers for strategic planning. From the face value, SWOT analysis is perceived by many people as an easy process. This is since all that a business is expected to do is implement the four quadrant SWOT analysis in the business. This is where the business capitalizes on its opportunities and strengths while mitigating its weaknes ses and threats. However, this is not easy and critical information necessary for making marketing decisions is overlooked by the SWOT analysis. It is flawed since it does not separate this information from the pivotal information that the organization needs to embark on immediately and the peripheral information that can be addressed. This translates to misplaced priorities as the marketing team will be more focused in exploiting the opportunities yet there are some threats that if not dealt with immediately will translate to massive losses. Moreover, as pertains to the SWOT analysis, it does not provide a guideline that shows which customer base is the most attractive, which strategy is the most powerful. Lack of guidelines as pertains to the results obtained from carrying out a SWOT analysis makes it flawed and hence should not be applied as a modern marketing tool (Valentin, 2001, p. 58). Subsequently, SWOT analysis is deeply flawed and should not be used as a marketing tool sin ce it is a checklist to evaluate the performance of the strengths and weaknesses identified upon carrying out a SWOT analysis. This is evidenced with an illustration of an example of a strength that has been identified by a business upon carrying out a SWOT analysis as a marketing tool. A business has identified its leadership in market share as strength for the benefit of the organization. On face value, this looks productive since positive correlations have been documented to exist between leadership in market share and the profitability of the organization. The business consequently surges forward to exploit the strength, without bearing in mind the minute details of leadership in market share leadership that may affect the performance of the business. The organization by relying on the SWOT analysis fails to assess if leadership in market share is relevant to the organization and if the investment made by the organization is feasible. Use of checklist in SWOT analysis makes it a flawed marketing tool due to lack of leverage of the decisions made and hence not a good modern marketing tool (Kotler, 2000, p. 78). Moreover, SWOT analysis is deeply flawed and should not be used as a marketing since it has been described as being vague and simplistic. This is evidenced

Your Reading Experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Your Reading Experience - Essay Example In addition, all the five works take characters that have a background of African origin. In this essay, the themes of isolation and alienation, materialism and social position, race and African identity will be discussed by means of the five works and their analysis. Othello’s being an Alien in Venice and the gulf of culture, race and complexion—that exists between him and the Venetians—in an important theme in the tragedy in Othello. The theme of race and the themes of isolation and alienation can be combined because it is because of the race that the character of Othello considers himself alienated from the Venetian society. Shakespeare forced his audience to see Othello with the â€Å"bodily eye† of Iago. Othello tries to attach himself to the Venetian society on the basis of universal virtues such as love and loyalty. However, Iago’s attempt in realizing himself as an alien makes him to a step that takes him to his tragedy. Therefore, it is quite clear that Othello has evidently awareness of his race and color as different to Desdemona. This racial difference becomes a cause for his consideration that Desdemona has illicit relationships with Cassio. He also considers himself alienated from a society, which is not his. He tries to be a part of that society but he is always aware of his being different due to which, he is alienated and isolated. Like Othello, the themes of isolation and alienation in Everyday Use can also be assembled with the theme of race. The family of Maggie and Dee has an African background while Maggie remains stick to her traditions and culture while Dee wants to stay away from her culture, which is quite impossible. Dee belongs to African culture and she cannot deny this fact. Dee makes many friends, out of which, no one is sincere to her according to Maggie. Due to this fact, Dee is alienated from the society in which, she lives because of

Marcus allius Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marcus allius - Essay Example Most of the expressions that Aurelius portrays in his advice to himself employ a much-defined strategy of approaching life. Accordingly, this section of the essay elaborates the manner in which he wants to live his life. Remember, the actual circumstance dictates that he loves his life as a scholar. Accordingly, the philosophy or attitude of his life considers the fate of so many things as personal. That is; it the duty of anyone, including himself, to determine what kind of life he would like to live. He believes that there are four core things besides any other form of jurisdiction. That is; there is oneself, the flesh, spirit and the reasonability level (Aurelius 6). Therefore, Aurelius does not believe in being a slave of his life. Aurelius has the guts and attitude to face issues especially as they arise. That is; issues that affect life deserve immediate attention. According to most of his arguments, he possesses numerous proposals of using formidable force to extinct what he discerns as evil and inappropriate to live. The perception of facing life on prompt dimensions and argumentative life could facilitate further action by Aurelius. For instance, his ideology of life is based on what he aims at doing in the present. For instance, he considers everything that gets done or says as paramount. The value of life to a supernatural perception is not part of his dual reasoning behind life. This ideology is one of the facilitating ideologies that boosts his attitude towards sin (Aurelius 7). Sin is an action. It could get committed on a willing or an unwilling basis. For instance, some of the sins that we commit are actually out of the urge while others are out of anger. Anger is justified to lead towards sin, such as killing. This differs from the perception of killing or even extracting sin from the society with regards to desire. There is no concept in forgiving if sin got desired (Aurelius 10). The entire philosophical interpretation of

Critically discuss the relationship between knowledge and power in one Essay

Critically discuss the relationship between knowledge and power in one or more of the public institutions i.e (Universities, schools, museums) referring to specific examples or case studies - Essay Example Many researchers have concurred that knowledge is always a product of power. Power and knowledge have always been intimately connected in the institutions of higher learning. Universities all over the world are practicing under the power relations of their societies. For example a number of research activities in the universities are often funded by the industries as well as political institutions holding power. There are a number of cases at the University of Cambridge where the relationship between power and knowledge is displayed. For example knowledge and power have been significantly used together to enhance the freedom of individuals as well as assert discipline on the members of the University community. The use of new technologies in public institutions and particularly in the universities and colleges has significantly reshaped the relationship between power, knowledge and learning. The current information explosion driven by rapid adoption of internet all over the world has led to more questions regarding the relationship between power and knowledge. On the other hand, the new knowledge acquisition methods have also significantly changed the relationship between the learners and the sources of knowledge. With regard to the relationship between power and knowledge, University of Cambridge has developed an institutional framework that manages the relations of power in the university. For example although the private donors can not directly influence the key academic appointments, they usually fund various academic posts or faculties and this only means that the study programs at the university are determined by those wielding power. On the other hand, the knowledge produced is often a product of the university procedures. This paper uses Cambridge University as a case study to analyze the relationship between knowledge and power in public institutions. Power and knowledge are often used hand in hand in public institutions to enable the

The History of Nuclear Power Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

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Social & Emotional Intelligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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The Structure of Interest Rates and Real Interest Rates Coursework

The Structure of Interest Rates and Real Interest Rates - Coursework Example The credit card firms are not usually bound towards any form of specific limits regarding their ultimate interest rates. They can thus charge any amount they may wish to as long as they have commendable competitive rates with other existing credit card firms. Finally, the rates are often higher on credit cards so as to encourage people to make payments on time. It is based on the reasoning that; the longer you delay your repayments, the higher the interest penalties. The corporate bond’s credit ratings are often higher than those offered by the government bonds to a greater extent. This is because the corporate bonds usually have low ratings, thereby giving out an implication of a higher credit risk possibility as compared to the investment-grade bonds (Schwartzman, 1992). Therefore, they tend to offer a little bit higher rates so as to curb with the increased risks. On the other hand, the government bond’s credit ratings are often lower because they are not ultimately secured by any form of assets. They are instead backed up by the credit and full faith of the issuer. This is hence what brings out this form of disparity. Recession generally refers to a situation when there is a temporary decline with regards to the economic stability, whereby the trade and the industrial operations are totally reduced. It is generally identified by the fall in the GDP over a given successive quarters. Based on this, the interest rates tend to be reduced since it impacts on all the businesses (Guttentag & Cagan, 1969). Both small and large ventures tend to fall typically during this period. Ultimately, at such a moment the business borrowers and consumers are the ones who tend to determine the level of interests they are opting to pay for the borrowed money. There is often a greater interaction between the tax systems and interaction. This is due to a major binding factor between them that touches on the aspect of the amount of

Statement of Purpose Essay Example for Free

Statement of Purpose Essay It is my absolute pleasure to write this statement of purpose to explain about my interests and to share my inspirations, career goals and professional qualifications. I think one of my most distinguishing characteristics is the diversity of experiences I possess. Belonging from a business background family I always had inclination towards managerial role in the organization. I am a man with professional aptitude and an interest in pharmaceutical industry. I also have a passion for traveling and understanding different cultures of the world. All these elements have given me a very broad outlook, with varying degrees of knowledge in a range of topics. I feel the greatest value in pharmacy studies is not so much the classes themselves but the accompanying thesis/practical work experience that you get in tandem with the coursework. Personally, I find the pharmaceutical training I will be getting to be an asset to my qualification, because I feel that I am getting a social and management perspective on the medicine I have studied managerial role in the health and social sector, and it does add something to the coursework. My pharmaceutical diploma has given a strong foundation to my analytical skills. Over the past one year, I have been working part time in pharmacy. More than what I have studied in school and college, it has been this experiences that have shaped the person that I am today. During the completion of my Diploma course I had always had great inclination towards health, social and community care. It was this inclination and interest towards this field that I always scored good marks. I consider it necessary to take Master’s or Bachelors program to improve my knowledge and expertise in the pharmaceutical sector. And I have diverse interests and am very dedicated to the idea of giving something back to society I believe that an opportunity for higher education in MSc./BSc. in health management from your University/ College, U.K would be a unique fortuity to test and prove my ability and also to enrich and broaden my keen with transition to a health and social care setting. I would like to conclude with the reasons for my choosing to apply to your esteemed university/college for my Master/Bachelor degree. Browsing through the information brochure and the Universitys home page I feel that the Study at your institution holds a lot of promise to me and it is the right place to embark upon my academic career. I feel that studies in your institution will be the most logical extension of my academic pursuits and a major step towards achieving my objectives.

Brain in a Vat Theory by Hilary Putnam | Analysis

Brain in a Vat Theory by Hilary Putnam | Analysis In Hilary Putnams Brain-in-a-vat (BIV) example, a world exists in which brains, a neuroscientist, a supercomputer running simulations of brains contained in a vat, and the vat itself are the only objects. These items have either always existed or appeared completely randomly with each item in the same state (i.e. computers running simulations, brains are in vats, etc.) Understanding this, imagine the following scenario: You are the evil scientist who monitors BIVs and the experiences they receive from the computers. You ensure that all the BIVs connected believe they are living a functional life in Springfield, Illinois. One of your BIVs is code-named The Chancellor. After some time passes, the Chancellor virtually utters the phrase I know I am just a brain-in-a-vat, which he believes to be true, and then continues on with his programmed functions. The BIV scenario Putnam presents is one such argument positing the skeptical hypothesis. Much like the Descartes Evil Genius, the skeptical hypothesis calls into doubt ones knowledge of the external world. While the Evil Genius relies on a supreme deceiving deity, Putnams BIV ponders the effects of a mad scientist using computers to induce illusory perceptions and experiences. Traditional skeptics contend we are unable to discern the BIV hypothesis as false; if we were to grant the BIV premises as true, then our experiences would appear just they presently do (Stanford 2009). Consequently, skeptics maintain that we lack the ability to know anything about the world external to us. Putnam applies his semantic externalism and consequently deems the scenario with the Chancellor impossible. Semantic externalism is a form of externalism where meanings and truth conditions of ones sentences, and the contents of ones intentional mental states, depend upon the character of ones external, causal environment (Stanford 2009). More precisely, he focuses his concern to the first-person sentence, I am a brain-in-a-vat to demonstrate that an instance in which the Chancellor verbally uttered said phrase is necessarily false. Consequently, Putnam deduces that we mustnt be BIVs. I will argue that Putnam misuses the definition of vat in his brain-in-a-vat experiment, thereby decreasing his likelihood of disproving the skeptical hypothesis. In this essay, I will define semantic externalism, followed by Putnams use of it against three different BIV scenarios. If we were to accept semantic externalism, then we would necessarily acknowledge that how we define a term is not the sole factor in deciding what the word means to us. A common example would be the examination of a familiar substance (e.g. water) and how its meaning would remain constant even before encountering it. More precisely, those who adhere to semantic externalism would view the word water as a term ascribed to a substance with a chemical composition of H2O before scientists had discerned the molecules comprising it; however, the composition of this substance we had labeled water did, to some extent, contribute to our meaning (DeRose 102). For Putnam, interaction with things in the world represents the external factor. For example, consider two people who have the same mental states and then start interacting with substances which are cosmetically similar while still composed of different molecules. Perhaps one individual interacts exclusively with Ag (silver), and the other interacts only with ABC, but both learn the word silver to refer to each of their respective substances. As a result, each individual would have the same mental states (desires, beliefs, volitions, etc.), but with differing in what they reference; silver would mean Ag for one, and ABC for the other. In order for Putnam to connect semantic externalism to his BIV experiment, he begins by noting that it is necessary to acknowledge that any articulation of the sentence I am a brain-in-a-vat appears to be self-refuting. More precisely, if we were to maintain this sentence to be true, the sentence would still derive a false conclusion since we couldnt say I am a brain-in-a-vat and know that I am in such a state. Take for example the statement [t]here is no definite statement. If you view this statement as true, it would have to be false because it is a definite statement. If you posited the statement to be false, then the answer is still false. To demonstrate how this relates to Putnams BIVs, first assume that we actually exist in the tangible world (T) just as commonly held, instead of in vats (instance T, where T is the Tangible world.) We have the following: (T1) If I live in a Tangible world, I am not a Brain-in-a-vat. (T2) In instance T, I live in a tangible world. (TC) I am not a Brain-in-a-vat (True)(T1, T2) I am not a BIV. (TC) Next, consider we are now the brains in the vats a different instance (instance BIV). In this instance BIV, an intricate computing system continually feeds us phenomenal experiences. So, we now have the complicated computing system sending us signals for us to construct our experiences. Now we have a different problem in instance BIV: (BIV1)If I am an actual BIV, a computer is sending me phenomenal experiences. (BIV2) I am an actual BIV. (BIV3)A computer is sending me phenomenal experiences. (BIV1, BIV2) (BIV4)If I utter I am a BIV, I am a brain-in-a-vat. (False, BIV3) (BIVC) I am not a brain-in-a-vat (True) (BIV1, BIV2, BIV3, BIV4) Thus, I am not a brain-in-a-vat (BIVC) To clarify, semantic externalism implies that the subject will never interact with the Tangible vats in the world. So, when the Chancellor iterates vat, he does not mean tangible-vats, but instead the origin of these electric impulses. More precisely, when he says vat he means artificial-vats because he actually interacted with a computer program. If the Chancellor was referring to a brain in the instance BIV, that brain would be referring to the electrical impulses sent from the computer in the form of artificial vats. Therefore, we arrive at the following scenario: (BIV1) I am a brain-in-a-vat (False); (BIV1) implies (BIV2) I am not a brain-in-a-vat (True) (BIV1, BIV2) implies we are not brains in vats. Consequently, the notion that I am a brain-in-a-vat appears to be a self-refuting according to Putnam. After Putnam believes he has established this self-refutation, he must form a generic (i.e. universally applicable) argument (U). Hence, the following instance: Iteration of (U1) I am a brain-in-a-vat (false, necessarily); (U2) I am not a brain-in-a-vat (from U1)(true, necessarily) (UC)If I am not a brain-in-a-vat, then we are not brains in vats. We are not brains in vats. (UC) The uttering of I am a brain-in-a-vat must be false since the instance BIV concludes that we are not brains in vats. As a result, we mustnt be brains in vats according to this logic. While on the surface this may seem sound, I intend to show how Putnam may have missed the mark. At first glance, the logic behind the Tangible world instance, the BIV instance, and the Universal instance may seem identical insofar as they each deduce we are not brains in vats; however, each stipulation incorporates a different meaning of the word vat. The vat used in the Universal instance represents an obscure term between the first two mentioned instances (i.e. Tangible world and BIV instance); the Tangible vat represents vats from the tangible world just as we would perceive it today; and the BIV vat stands for the virtual vat that the super phenomenal computer has created for us with its electric signals. Putnams error occurs when he doesnt universalize the vat definition by using the latter sense of the artificial vat throughout instance BIV. While a bit confusing, it seems Putnam considers the instance (BIV1) since the only time it is true is in the latter sense of vat. Putnam also wants to tie this definition to the Tangible world. After all, we all live in the tangible world and would want to believe we are not brains in vats while in the tangible world. Unfortunately, using slightly different definitions during an attempt to prove this conclusion hampers the argument. In other words, his argument is either that (BIV1) implies (BIV2) implies (TC) or that (BIV1) implies (T2) implies (TC); however, these arguments fail to hold true. It is unnecessary to consider both possibilities in depth independently, since they can both be repudiated on the same criteria. Whether going from (BIV2) to (TC), or from (BIV1) to (T2), Putnam makes an observation about BIV-vats, and then uses that to make a claim about Tangible-vats. The true statement, (BIV2) I am a not a brain in a virtual-vat fails to imply Not being brains in tangible-vats. Likewise, (T2) I am not a brain in a tangible-vat being true, fails to follow from (BIV1) I am a brain in an artificial-vat being false. The lack of a constant definition of vat poses one significant stumbling block for Putnam; however, if you maintain a certain degree of what constitutes vat, the argument still remains invalid and runs into other problems which I will not address here. I have attempted to argue that one cannot get to (TC) from (BIV1); however, anyone who subscribes to Putnams argument against brains-in-vats might argue the opposite. It is important to recognize the conditions surrounding the argument. More precisely, Putnam presupposes we live in the natural world. The skeptics main argument is that we lack the knowledge to discern whether or not we exist as brains in vats. We would only be able to differentiate between the instances and the vat usage if we new definitively which instances were being referenced. Semantic externalism lacks the ability to liberate us from a skeptical hypothesis. Putnam fails to show that we can not be Brains in Vats, but he does show that if we were a BIV and uttered the phrase I am a BIV, we would not know it. He fails to cinch a logical loop and all he really shows is that the brain in the vat couldnt know it was a brain-in-a-vat. If Putnams version of semantic externalism is correct, but we are brains in vats, then we lack the ability to discuss the tangible-world. For example, if we assume that we are brains in vats, when I said the worlds tangible-world in the previous sentence, I was actually referring to the artificial world because that is what I have been interacting with. Therefore, provided that the skeptic is correct that we would not know if we were brains in a vat, and also assuming that Putnams semantic externalism is similarly correct, then we simply do lack the knowledge of the meaning of the words in our vocabulary. More precisely, assuming t hat interaction remains critical to gaining understanding and meaning, then it becomes a necessity to know precisely with what we must interact. Hilary Putnam attempted to embrace semantic externalism in hopes of freeing us from skeptics; however, Putnam did illustrate that BIVs wouldnt be able to say or even think they were BIVs, thereby demonstrating a quandary for semantic externalism. Works Cited DeRose, Keith. Responding to Skepticism. Skepticism A Contemporary Reader. New York: Oxford UP, USA, 1999. Print. Putnam, Hilary. Brains in a Vat. Putnam on Brains in a Vat. 2 Mar. 2005. Drexel University. 10 Oct. 2009 . Unknown. Brains in a Vat. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 29 Oct. 2004. SEP. 10 Oct. 2009 . Subway Franchise: SWOT and Management Analysis Subway Franchise: SWOT and Management Analysis Analyze the goals and objectives using the mission statement as the basis. 1.1 Mission Statement of the selected organization To provide the tools and knowledge to allow entrepreneurs to successfully compete in the QSR industry worldwide by consistently offering value to consumers through providing great-tasting food that is good for them and made the way they like it. Goals of the mission statement SUBWAY restaurants goal is to be ranked the number one restaurant by consumers and number one in restaurant country in every market that they serve. Environmental factors which affect the company 2.1 Political effects Monitoring, understanding and adapting to the political environment is absolutely essential for any business, because it significantly affects every business, some of the factors are Constancy of the government Type of Government (democratic, dictatorship, monarchy, etc) The government have Economic policy Available Trade policy Diplomatic actions in nearby countries Furthermore, political context can change for the foreseeable future. 2.2 Economic affects When walking down the Subway restaurant, its impossible to overlook the ever-changing price of food. According to the Food Timeline, in early part of 1990s one Italian herb and cheese bread cost 1pound and 50pence, by 1998, that same Italian herb and cheese bread cost 3 pounds, on average. The entire site of food economics transformed greatly throughout the periods, absent from the agricultural economy of the 1930s to the technological, consumer-driven market. Also this alteration, there are many number of other issues that impact food economics. 2.3 Production and Supply As improvement of technology came to farms, the landlords able to produced more food and transported it to marketplace extra successfully. But still, quick production does not for all time signify good prices. The industrial market is brutal, and maintaining cost of the farms are important. To build up for this, some countries like the United States offer farm subsidies in direct to steady farm manufacture and the food marketplace. in addition, studies continues searching for ways to get better food give ways in the face of an ever-rising population. 2.4 Consumer Demand The tastes of people all over the world revolutionize from time to time, mostly when showing to new civilizations or facts. For example, in the 1980s America began acceptance sushi and other Asian-fusion foods. According to Food Wine Magazine, from 1988-1998 the amount of sushi bars quintupled in the United States. Likewise, with the focus on strong eating, as of 2010 the market for organic foods grew to $14 billion. 2.5 Global warming (ecological) When the crops damage by weather, the price of that loss will increase the prices consumers payment. Scientists learning the matter of global warming for it are predictable lasting impact on food financial side. Spectacular climate changes crash give ways, and hence the food supply. To make up for this, farms on the going ingestion in technological process that help reduce loss. This extra cost for promote also figures into the last price of food. 2.6 Preparation Time Time is money. Another affecting economic factor is food lies in the hands of the cook. In formative range, many cooks must be acquainted with how long it takes to locate and prepare exact items. This particular propensity made fast food and instant mixes more and more popular, particularly in Subway or anywhere people work outside the house. Critically evaluate the strengths and weaknesses, taking into consideration all the environmental factors. SWOT analysis (S)trengths Subway Restaurants is the famous submarine sandwich franchise based in the United States and all over the world having companies in more than seventy two countries enclose over 20,532 restaurants in this planet. The business has been using a number of nontraditional channels for creation of its system physically powerful and the expansion rate of the company has also been rising. Subway has well well-known itself as a brand name in the fast food manufacturing world and having brand respect all over the world. Because of outstanding to its great strategies the company has turn out to be the most important franchise in the world in a very small phase of time. The company has still situated itself in places like hospitals, schools, churches, and famous retail supplies. This creates the start up price of franchises low. Subway is recognized to be companies that provide subs sandwich healthy and that are favored and to a great extent as evaluated to food items exist by other fast-food chains like Sonic Drive and McDonalds. The company has attached with the American Heart Association to add to its figure. The food menu of the Subway repeats the high persist of healthy and fresh food which is quick too. The new decoration of the companionship is an additional issue that provides a fresh feeling pinnacles the customers. Some of the newly introduced products imitate the healthy offering of the company. The marketing and promotional strategies adopted by the company are an example of the positive focus on demand, consumer preferences, trends, modernism and manufactured goods leveraging. These additional add to the potential to the company. The market share and the profits of the company that was outstanding to sandwiches greater than before greatly as a result to the reduced interest of the customer towards the chips and hamburgers due to raise consciousness about healthy foods. (W)eaknesses The adornment and give the impression of being of the franchises is said to be old an outdated. Another crisis with franchises is that the liking intensity of the customers is not the similar across franchises and also some franchises execute very poor. Service obligation is not reliable from store to store. This can supposed to be connected to employees as there is not much incentive and the revenue rate of the staffs is very high. (O)pportunities The company can spend extra money to expand its industry in the international bazaar and also make developments in its adornment and look to give confidence dine-in. By civilizing the customer service satisfaction for the customer can be greater than before, and also the loyal customer base will increase. The company can recover the relation inside and outside the organization by altering its strategys a bit. (T)hreats The company may face serious threats from some of the big fast food connection in the world which comprise brands like Wendys, KFC, and McDonalds etc. These restaurants are extremely older and have huge industrial trustworthy customer base over the years. The present financial recession is an additional threat for the business as it straightly affects the use and expenditure authority of the consumers. The information requirements at each of the levels in the management A large level our workers are serving our Supervisors who are serving our Middle Managers who are serving our Vice Presidents, who are serving the CEO, who is presumably serving the Board and the shareholders/investors. The extraordinary part is, by plan, also everybody has back to their customer or the client is actually supposed to serve the company! If customers are truly our focus, or as a effect, if we must focus on serving our workers so that they will serve our customers, A present fashion in sales organization design is to be buyer centric. The buyer centric sales mock-up puts the buyer at the middle of the sales procedure in an attempt to bring into line customers wants and buying first choices with the method we intend our sales tools and produce value. Adjoin this to our excellence customer service initiatives, the customer is always right announcements, and customer service surveys that were once rare, but now seem to have attached themselves via webpage to the bottom of every major grocer, retailer and restaurant chains receipts in fresh memory. Strategic levels Chief Executive Officer Management level Marketing Managers Finance Managers Production Manager Knowledge level Supervisors Operational level Employees Information systems at each of them to support the major business functions of the organization and strategize its operations giving it the required competitive edge. Examine and recommend IS to facilitate a healthy The information systems need to be reliable, sophisticated and user-friendly for Nestle. IS Information System [application of] effectiveness to focus on goals. An IS collects process stores analysis and disseminates information for a specific purpose Major 6 types of systems executive support systems (ESS) decision support system (DSS) management information system (MIS) knowledge work system (KWS) office automation systems (OAS) transaction processing systems (TPS) ESS / EIS Strategic level Inputs aggregate data (with drill down) processing -Interactive function-Monitoring key performance indicators E.g. sales, costs, profits, growth, share prices, capacity utilization users- Senior managers Characteristic of ESS / EIS expensive to develop executive information system provide timely concise information about organization to top managers provide internal as well as external information economic indices stock and commodity prices industry trends Decision support system (DSS) Management level Inputs low volume data Processing interactive Output decision analysis Users professionals staff Example contract cost analysis, outsourcing decision, pricing, decisions etc à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. Key elements for DSS Models base Data base User Interface Business orientation What-if analysis End user makes changes to variables or relationships among variables and observe the resulting changes in the values of others variables Management information system (MIS) Management level Inputs high volume of data Processing simple models Outputs summary reports Users middle managers Example annual budgeting, quarterly sales reports, annual production reports Characteristic of MIS Structured and semi -structured decision Report control oriented Past and present data Internal orientation Lengthy design process Knowledge work system (KWS) Knowledge level Inputs- deign spaces Processing modelling Outputs design graphics Users technical staff Example engineering work station Transaction processing system (TPS) Basic business systems that serve the operational level A computerized system that perform and records the daily routine transaction necessary to the conduct of the business Point of sales system Executive information systems (EIS) Function: monitoring key performance indicators Users: senior manager Expensive to develop b) How information systems can be used to facilitate Customer Relations Management aspects of Nestle. Providing customer feedback forms, so customer can send feedback through URL also that will help to improve the organization Asking about customer requirements in general when customers call for problems automated record system can help to find out a solution in future Take action straight to customer feedback demonstrating how the company pay attentions to its customers heartening a service culture all the way through the association Companies also employ a wide variety of tactics to directly give confidence customer faithfulness through encouragements or special treatment. Some examples are Creating a point system that offers rewards once a customer accumulates a certain number of points supply discount or free-product coupons Running competitions in which regulars may win prizes by towards the inside a drawing Enormous customer service enlarges customer loyalty, forces income and decreases in force charge by using Information System. But, usual customer service applications frequently include only a portion of the information agents need to give great service. Because important information about customers, products and services sits in a huge amount of systems both inside and outside the business firewall, and in several forms such as database records, SaaS applications, text (letters, forms, email and chat messages, IVR scripts, blogs) and even voice recordings (call records). as long as inclusive, combined data access has to date just been too expensive and too complex. In addition, conservative customer service applications are too frequently hard to use, and operate with intolerable data latency rates and response dispensation times. FOCUS ON CUSTOMER LOYALTY The purpose of most well-developed customer relations programs is to turn one-time or occasional customers into loyal buyers. Customer relations specialists distinguish loyalty from satisfaction, noting that its possible for customers to be satisfied but have no particular loyalty. Indeed, one mid-1990s study found that three-quarters of the customers who reported being satisfied with one companys products still bought competitors products as well. The emphasis on loyalty is mostly driven by the bottom line. Keeping existing customers is cheaper than finding new ones, and having a base of loyal customers for one product or service improves sales for the companys other offerings. By some estimates, the amount a company must spend to attract a new customer is five or six times that needed to keep bringing back loyal customers. Repeat customers are also more likely to recommend the company to others and to try out the companys latest products. The financial results are that a small percentage increase in customer loyalty can translate into a significant rise in profits. The opposite of loyalty-customer turnover-can deplete a companys marketing resources and can signal weakness in the firms brand image or competitive position. However, high turnover does not necessarily mean that the companys underlying product or service is at fault. Rather, it may be the customers negative (or simply neutral) experiences and impressions that stand in the way of loyalty. In the late 1990s one executive went so far to suggest that happy customers would even buy bad products from a company they liked, whereas unhappy or indifferent customers might ignore a really good product. TOOLS FOR BUILDING STRONG RELATIONSHIPS Strategies for getting better customer relations and developing customer loyalty variety from just opening up communications channels to implementing elaborate point systems that reward loyalty. In order to be efficient, such programs and schemes must be tailored to customer requests and interests. For example, if a company devastates its would-be loyal customers with frequent mailings (or broadcast faxes or e-mail) consisting of unimportant or unappealing offers, it may be turning itself into a irritation instead of hopeful loyalty. 3) Ethical Issues Examine the ethical issues of Information Systems for this organization. Specific DSS benefits Improving individual effectiveness Expediting solving problem Make easy interpersonal statement Promoting training or learning growing managerial control EIS issues EIS Cost Employee Resistance to the EIS Management Resistance to the EIS Who is the user? sponsor for EIS Information Technology (IT) and modern management accounting Information technology has had a dramatic and far-reaching impact on the structure and conduct of business. IT has also been frequently poorly employed at great cost to companies. When implemented well, IT has made it possible for companies to exploit the benefits of: ABC systems E-commerce POS (point-of-sales) information to management and suppliers In many cases, the benefits of IT have been an increase in the accuracy of information and faster decision-making. A review of key IT with reference to business applications Executive Information Systems (EIS/ESS) Designed to provide senior management with easy-to-use information pulled out from internal and external sources Features: flexible, sophisticated, real-time responsiveness Management Information Systems (MIS) Designed to provide summarised information files used for management accounting and reporting purposes (i.e. reporting enabling management to make timely structured decisions for planning, controlling and directing activities) Structured decisions: recurrent and relatively simple decisions addressing repetitive situations in a deterministic environment Features: relatively inflexible, focused on internal processes Enterprise-Wide Resource Planning (ERP) Decision Support Systems (DSS) Individuals may reproduce this material if it is for their own private study use only. Reproduction by any means for any other purpose is prohibited. These course materials are for educational purposes only and so are necessarily simplified and summarised. Always obtain expert advice on any specific issue. Refer to our full terms and conditions of use. No liability for damage arising from use of these notes will be accepted by the ExP Group. Combine data and analytical models to support management decision making on issues which are exposed to significant uncertainty Provide the decision maker with alternatives, evaluating them under a range of possible conditions Expert Systems (ES) A form of DSS consisting of a specialised database and a set of rules on how input data should be correlated and interpreted in order to indicate the best course of action Example: loan application ES Ethical Issues An ethical approach to doing business is not just a matter of personal virtue, but needs to be addressed by policy (and action) at the company level as well. Ethical frameworks are not merely nice to have, but are considered crucial to building long-term professionalism. Their absence can undermine motivation and the sense of purpose a company must have in order to succeed.

The Non Dredged Reclamation Method

The Non Dredged Reclamation Method With the rapid economic and population growth, various economic, social, housing and transport needs of the community are increasing, resulting in increasing demand for land supply. Due to the limited land supply, reclamation is commonly used to tackle the problem in Hong Kong. However, reclamation does not only contribute to the economic development but also the environmental degradation. In this essay, problems caused by reclamation and possible solutions will be discussed. As mentioned in Environmental Impact Assessment Report (2001), dredging, disposal of marine mud and bulk filling activities may give rise to many potential impacts on water quality. Firstly, solids may be suspended in the water column. Secondly, as mud waves and turbulent flow will be generated, by disturbance, organic and inorganic substances e.g. ammonia, heavy metals and sulphides may be released into the water column. Thirdly, during the compacting and settling process in site formation, contaminants and leachate may be given out from pore water and sediments respectively. As a result, the marine water quality will be deteriorated. 2.2 Marine ecosystem According to Chan (2000), dredging and disposal of waste involved in reclamation will bring adverse effects to the marine ecosystem. Firstly, removal of sediment may lead to the loss of habitat. Secondly, marine organisms may entrain during dredging. Thirdly, dissolved oxygen will be depleted and nutrients will be released into the water. In particular, if there is a significant rise in the nutrient level, algal productivity will increase which may result in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“red tidesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . 2.3 Air quality The problem of air pollution will arise during the operation period of reclamation as a large amount of dust will be emitted where the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“dustà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  here refers to general suspended particulates. Among various kinds of origins of air pollution, earthmoving (loading, unloading and bulldozing), haul road traffic on unpaved roads and wind erosion of the open site area lower the air quality the most (Chan, 2000). Solutions 3.1 The non-dredged reclamation method Traditionally, the soft marine mud in the seabed is replaced by sand fill to make a strong foundation for seawall construction. Dredging and disposing of marine mud are thus involved. As the dredging process in reclamation is the fundamental cause for the environmental impacts mentioned above, the non-dredged reclamation method is advocated for the future reclamation projects. Making reference to Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge Hong Kong Projects (2011), this reclamation method does not require dredging the soft marine mud in the seabed before backfilling. Instead, inert construction and demolition material is used to fill many large interlocked steel cells. The steel cells will then sink in the water and stay on the alluvium, forming the perimeter wall. (Items, 2011) As found in Items (2011), the non-dredge reclamation has many benefits over the conventional dredge seawall construction method. For instance, dredging and dumping of marine mud can be almost completely avoided. Also, only 30% of the original suspended particles will be released during reclamation and only half of the backfilling material will be needed. Thus the construction marine traffic can be decreased by about 50%. It can be concluded that the non-dredge reclamation method will bring less environmental impacts and therefore it is a better choice for reclamation. 3.2 Development of underground space Enhanced use of underground space is an effective and feasible alternative to increase land supply as Hong Kong is mountainous and abundant with strong volcanic and granitic rocks. This geographic characteristic favours the development of underground space in Hong Kong. Rock caverns can be developed for various land uses such as crematorium, substation, sewage treatment facilities etc (Hong Kong Underground Space Study Executive Summary, 2009). While both measures can relieve the problem of lack of available land, developing underground space has some advantages over reclamation. For example, some undesirable uses like refuse collection point can be built underground so that the impacts on the residents living nearby can be minimised. Moreover, developing underground space does not cause much pollution or take away natural resources, which means that the natural environment can be preserved. Conclusion Though reclamation can provide for the requirements of the economic development, the conventional reclamation method causes water pollution, air pollution and adversely affects the marine ecosystem, which is not an ideal act for the society. In order to strike a balance between economic growth and environmental conservation, the non-dredged reclamation method should be adopted for future reclamation projects as it is more environmentally friendly. In addition to reclamation, development of underground space should be considered which can act as an alternative to increase land supply and reserve our valuable harbour.

Great Gatsby :: Free Essay Writer

Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby was written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, published by Charles Scribner’s Sons, and copyrighted in 1925. The book takes place mostly in a small town near New York known as West Egg during the 1920’s. One of the main characters of the novel is the narrator of the book, Nick Carraway. He relates the events of many summers that affected him deeply. He has a knack for telling the truth, at least according to him, and he comes from a small mid-western town seeking employment as a bond trader. His next door neighbor, Jay Gatsby, is the main character of the novel. He throws magnificent parties during the beginning of the summer, but stops throwing the parties after he realizes that they don’t impress Daisy Buchanan (originally Fay), the significant other that he seeks. Gatsby does not show many redeeming qualities, and his party â€Å"guests† enjoy spreading rumors about the finer points of Gatsby’s life. The aforementioned Daisy Buchanan, Nick’s second cousin once removed, is married to Tom Buchanan, one of Nick’s friends from the Midwest trying to find success in the East. Tom and Daisy are not very faithful towards each other, as Tom has a mistress and Daisy gets quite well acquainted with Gatsby. Tom’s mistress is the wife of George Wilson, Myrtle Wilson. George is the proprietor of a small garage near West and East Egg, and he is not very observant, but he is very devoted to his wife. Myrtle cheats on her husband with Tom, and only hides this from her husband, who would have to be bluntly told to figure the problem out. Jordan Baker is a friend of Daisy, Tom, Nick, and Gatsby, and at the end of the novel she marries an unknown character. She and Tom are attracted towards each other, but become disenchanted with each other after Gatsby’s death. The story begins as Nick Carraway gives a brief description of himself and his current situation. He is reflecting upon events of summers of the 1920’s, which occur on the East Coast. Nick went to the East to escape the Midwest and to hopefully find a better, faster paced life. He settled in community near New York known as West Egg. It is mainly a quiet little town with a neighbor across a lake of East Egg. When Nick arrived at his home, he had only heard about his neighbor for a couple of weeks.

You Should Volunteer to Tutor Essay example -- Argumentative Essay

The need for tutors is overwhelming. Tutors help fill the gap between the teachers and the students. With so many students in each classroom, the teacher can't give each student the one-on-one attention that some students need. This is where tutors come in to play. Tutors have been a key instrument ineducation since as far back as the 1500's (Gordon 9). Tutoring is almost as old as educating children. Tutoring younger students is also still going strong in the twentieth century. Today it is more~important than ever due to the increase in students and low budgets that some schools have. As stated by Edward E. Gordon in his book, Centuries of Tutoring" Schoolinghas dominated the twentieth century, but tutoring still holds an important role. Peertutors, after-school remedial programs, home-bound instruction and the 'home-schooling movement' are tutoring's modern expression"(329). We are fortunate enough to have many different tutoring programs at my school. The school has Peer tutoring , peer mentoring and peer helpers within their educational system, just to name a few. One of the writers, Stephanie, was involved in all three of these tutoring programsfor three years while attending High School. Stephanie found it very rewarding to be able to help these students and found it rewarding to help the community. "I felt like I had made a difference," said Stephanie, "and that is a wonderful feeling". Not only do the tutees get rewarded with better grades, the tutors also get many rewards for tutoring. "Studies document that people who participate in them (voluntary associations)generally report greater satisfaction and personal happiness, longer life, greater self esteem, more political effectiveness; and a greater sense of community (... ...udents. They need it and deserve it. Works Cited Booge, Stephanie. Personal Interview. 12 Feb. 1997. Brinkerkoff, Lynn K. White. Sociology . St. Paul: West, 1985. Carter, Gloria Dapper. School Volunteers:What They Do And How They Do It . New York: Citation,1970. Coe, Rick. Personal Interview. 15 Jan. 1997. Gartner, Mary Kohler, Frank Riessman. Children Teach Children . New York: Harper & Row,1971. Gordon, Edward E. Centuries of Tutoring . Lanham. UP. 1990. Lloyd, Dorothy. An Evaluation of a Cross-Age Tutoring Project For At Risk High School American Indian Students . Diss. Bemidji State University. Bemidji. 1991. Rosenthal, Nadine. Teach Someone To Read. Belmont. David S. Lake. 1987. Whelen, Dianne. Personal Interview. 5 Feb. 1997. ---"Youth Service: Minnesota's System Works, So Keep It. " Editoral. Star Tribune. 15 April 1995. IOA.

Comparing The Handmaids Tale and Oryx and Crake Essay -- Compare Cont

Margaret Atwood’s novel Oryx and Crake describes a world very different from the one we live in today, but not too far from a possible future. The story, told from the viewpoint of Snowman, possibly the only human survivor, recounts the end of days in human history. His description, given to us as flashbacks, tells of a world where technology is power, and those who lack power are doomed to a sub-par existence. This world gone mad is reminiscent of another Atwood novel written in 1986, The Handmaid’s Tale. In this story, the world of today is gone, democracy has been eradicated, and it is the elite few who control the fate of the masses. By comparing these two novels by Atwood, one can see corresponding themes dealing with governmental control, the dangers of technology, the uses of religion, and the treatment of sexuality. Government control is a serious issue in both novels. In the compounds, where the elite live in Oryx and Crake, every aspect of day to day life is closely monitored by compound security known as CorpSeCorps. The idea behind such tight security might seem as though it is to protect the citizens of the compounds from outside terrorism, but in many ways it is to protect the compounds from the citizens living within. After Jimmy’s mom leaves home when he is a young boy, he becomes a target for investigation for the rest of his life. Even into his college years he is still questioned by security about her. â€Å"So they were still tracking his snail mail. All of the postcards must be stored on their computers; plus his present whereabouts, which was why they hadn’t asked where he’d come from,† (Atwood Oryx 197). Her escape from the compound, and the potential damage she could do with her knowledge of what goes on ther... ... what he’s doing. Copulating too would be inaccurate, because it would imply two people and only one is involved. Nor does rape cover it: nothing is going on here that I haven’t signed up for,† (Atwood Handmaid’s 94). Although she remembers a time when sex meant more, for Offred that time is almost nothing more than a memory. The world has changed since The Handmaid’s Tale was written in 1986. Oryx and Crake is a continuation of and a development of many of the ideas first brought up in The Handmaid’s Tale. Although the details are different, the terrifying possibility of either future is enough to make anyone question the morals of the world today and stay vigilant against these warnings offered by the author. Works Cited Atwood, Margaret. The Handmaid’s Tale. New York: Anchor Books, 1986. Atwood, Margaret. Oryx and Crake. New York: Anchor Books, 2003.

How is the theme of loneliness explored in Of Mice and Men? Essay

The theme of loneliness is one of the key themes throughout the book. The book starts off with a very natural feel, â€Å"On one side of the river the golden foothill slopes curve up to the strong and rocky Gabilan mountains.† This theme soon changes into the theme of companionship as we begin to know George and Lennie we can see they are good friends â€Å"because I got you to look after me, and you got me to look after you†. However Steinbeck gradually changes the theme of companionship to the opposite theme of loneliness â€Å"Guys like us, that work on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world. They got no family. They don’t belong to no place.† As we meet more and more of the main characters we begin to see just how lonely they are; We later meet Curley and his wife. Curley is the only person on the ranch to have a partner, and even then it’s not a trusting, full relationship â€Å"If you can’t look after you own God damn wife, what do you expect me to do about it† Slim tells Curley. Curley’s wife says to Lennie: â€Å"I don’t like Curley. He ain’t a nice fella.†. This is Steinbeck underlining how even the characters who are married are lonely and regretful. If this is the case then what about the rest of the workers who have no wife at all? George mentions his desire for a partner in the first chapter: â€Å"I could live easy and maybe get a girl†. Most of the ranch workers go to a Cat house when they get their stake, and blow it all there, showing just how much they want to be around women; they receive a pitiful amount of money every month and instead of saving it to get themselves out of their hole, they spend it in one night at the Cat house. This shows that the loneliness has driven them to the borderline of insanity, â€Å"A guys goes nuts if he ain’t got nobody† Crooks observes whilst the others are at the Cat house. I have talked about how lonely the ranch workers in general are, but Steinbeck focuses in particular on three characters: Candy, Crooks and Curley’s wife; he may do this to try to put across a message to the reader, speaking out against Ageism, Racism and Sexism respectively. I will talk about Candy first: Candy is the oldest employee at the ranch and he knows it. His best friend was his dog, which has now been killed by Carlson. In the scene in which Carlson is persuading Candy to let him shoot the dog, Carlson gives a logical argument â€Å"he jus’ suffers hisself all the time†, Candy however just says that he’s â€Å"had ‘im so long – had him from a pup†. This is Candy trying to hold onto his companion, who he’s become attached to and doesn’t want him dead. Carlson however, persists and the dog is killed. Candy now has no real companions on the ranch and is worried about his future â€Å"They’ll can me purty soon.†, he explains to George and Lennie how he has â€Å"no place to go, and can’t get no more jobs†. In Chapter 3 Candy’s glimpses hope as he offers to put in some money to help George and Lennie buy their dream house â€Å"s’pose I went in with you guys?†. As he does so he again underlines his loneliness – † I ain’t got no relatives nor nothing†. With his dog dead Candy is desperately grasping for some sort of companionship and for a while it looks as if their dream may be realised. Unfortunately though, Lennie kills Curley’s wife and their dream is shattered. Crooks is the only black man on the ranch, the book was written in 1937 where racism and black/white segregation was still commonplace. Crooks is deliberately written as being black as a method for Steinbeck to speak out against the evils of racism; Crooks is clearly very lonely, even by ranch workers standards. Because he is black he must sleep in his own â€Å"little shed† and isn’t allowed in the bunkhouse with all the other workers â€Å"I ain’t wanted in the bunkhouse†. In Chapter 4, the reason for this ostracising is made clear â€Å"’cause I’m black, they play cards in there, but I can’t play because I’m black.† The other ranch workers may think that they have no close friends, but Crooks isn’t even allowed to be around them (except while working or playing horseshoes), which is something the rest of the characters take for granted- he explains to Lennie â€Å"You got George. You know he’s coming bac k. S’pose you couldn’t go into the bunkhouse? Suppose you had to stay out here and read books. How’d you like that? Books ain’t no good. A guy needs somebody – to be near him. Don’t make no difference who the guy is, long’s he’s with you. You know he’s coming back.† This is Crooks most emotional outburst and is used effectively to really show through the loneliness that he in particular is feeling – the other workers have other guys â€Å"just to be near them†, which many of them take for granted. Steinbeck uses Crooks for other plot devices as well such as giving a small insight into how the book finishes. â€Å"Nobody never gets to Heaven and nobody gets no land.† Curley’s wife. Curley’s wife is given no name. Curley’s wife is continually referred to throughout the book as â€Å"Curley’s wife†. This is completely intentional and is used to show women’s insignificance at the time. Like Candy is the only old person on the ranch and Crooks is the only black person on the ranch, Curley’s wife is the only woman on the ranch. As the only woman on the ranch she has no girly friends to talk to and is thus very lonely. Her only real contact is Curley, who she doesn’t even like, describing him as â€Å"he ain’t a nice fella†. Curley doesn’t help the situation by continually keeping her under check and stopping her from talking to the other ranch workers â€Å"I can’t talk to nobody but Curley. Else he gets mad† The ranch workers are scared of Curley so they don’t like to talk to his wife, George describes her as â€Å"jailbait†. When she tries to talk to Crooks, Lennie and Candy, Crooks tells her â€Å"Maybe you better go along to your house now, we don’t want no trouble.† Curley’s wife often uses â€Å"I’m looking for Curley† as an excuse to talk to the other guys at the ranch. When Steinbeck first introduces Curley’s wife she is portrayed through the ranch workers eyes â€Å"Bet she’d clear out for twenty bucks†. Not until the ending of the book do we see why she acts so flirtatiously – she just wants someone to talk to and she uses her body as a way of getting a guy’s attention. â€Å"I never get to talk to nobody, I get awful lonely, how’d you like not to talk to anybody?† She tells Lennie. It is interesting how, in chapter 4, when all the other ranch workers are at the Cat house, that Crooks, Curley’s wife, Lennie and Candy all meet in Crook’s house. Lennie is the only one who has a real companion (George) yet he doesn’t appreciate it until he sees how lonely the others are and empathises with them: â€Å"You got George† Having them meet is Steinbeck’s way of showing the reader how lonely they are – the people who would normally have ostracised them aren’t in the ranch at the time, and so Crooks, Candy and Curley’s wife, the three most lonely people, all feeling left out and lonely meet and talk to each other. Though it would seem that they would enjoy talking to one another, they are all so used to being wrapped up on their own, that, particularly Crooks and Curley’s wife, are not at all friendly to each other; Curley’s wife tells Crooks how she â€Å"could get him strung up on a tree so fast it ain’t even funny†. This is a reference to the lynchings of black men, which were common at the time. This, again, is Steinbeck speaking out against racism and implying that many blacks were framed for their crimes. In conclusion all of the ranch workers are lonely; all except Curley have no wife, few have close friends or companions and they live very lonely existences. There are a few however, namely Candy, Crooks, and Curley’s wife who are especially lonely because they have been cut off from the rest of the characters Steinbeck uses his book to speak out against sexism, racism and ageism.

Types of Entrepreneurs

Types of enterprisers 1. Classic Entrepreneur. Wants to innovate, grow big and defecate a hand appear of bullion. The holy entrepreneur is non interested in showtime a credit take up to give herself a job. If you want to cipher a company, mend it kaleable and sell it, then you be a classic serial entrepreneur. The dismissal Entrepreneurship and Innovation Program wants to touch on indisputable that everyone understands Classical Entrepreneurship. Most community college entrepreneur programs focus on comminuted caper development. Many universities teach entrepreneurship, unless from a theoretical point of view. 2. Small product line Entrepreneur.Also know as an income replacement entrepreneur. This would implicate closely family owned railway linees and franchises. If you open up a itsy-bitsy single restaurant, or profane a Pizza field hut franchise, you be a bantam channelperson, b bely non a classic entrepreneur. If you bargain for a franchise you atomic number 18 executing somebody elses plan. Many mess lead off a small business sector to give themselves a job. If you start a small business or buy a franchise, you need to study small business ownership and there are lots of college classes on small business ownership, management, accounting and marketing, nevertheless these classes will not teach you to be a classic entrepreneur.You can excessively get abet from the Small military control Administration (SBA) and the SBDC (Small Business Development Center). We have an SBDC here in Santa Ana. Multi-Level Marketing (MLM) is a fibre of small business owner. If you sell life redress or real estate you are a small business owner. For example, many an(prenominal) lawyers, plumbers and landscapers start their own small businesses. find oneself the book, The E-Myth Revisited by Michael Gerber. 3. Lifestyle Entrepreneur. These are entrepreneurs that adore what they do and want to live a sure lifestyle. They are usuall y not as actuate by money as other entrepreneurs.They are uncoerced to make sacrifices in order to freeze with something they love and to lead a certain lifestyle. For example, hard core surfers may start a small surf fink knowing they will never make much money financially but besides know they will be eruptside in the surfing demesne they love. Ferriss in the 4 Hour calendar week is a Lifestyle Entrepreneur that is also a Classic Entrepreneur and an Income- decant Entrepreneur and a Global Entrepreneur. One functioner I love to teach college and not practice law is that I give care the lifestyle of a college professor. . amicable Entrepreneur. genial Entrepreneurs want to make money, but also want to save the world. They are motivated by money but also want to do something good or helpful. They often want to follow the treble perforate line. The traditional bottom line for a business is Profits. mixer Entrepreneurs are motivated by the triple bottom line Profits, P eople and Planet. Social Entrepreneurs pitch to be idealistic. Many young entrepreneurs are interested in Social Entrepreneurship. one thousand Businesses are often started by Social Entrepreneurs.Social entrepreneurs are still for profit businesses, but they have some of the characteristics of not-for-profit corporations. Here is what Wikipedia has to formulate some friendly entrepreneurship Social Entrepreneurship is the mold of cordial entrepreneurs. A fond entrepreneur recognizes a social problem and uses entrepreneurial principles to organize, create and manage a surmise to achieve social change (a social venture). While a business entrepreneur typically measures performance in profit and return, a social entrepreneur focuses on creating social capital.Thus, the main aim of social entrepreneurship is to further social and environmental goals. Social entrepreneurs are most commonly associated with the free and not-for-profit sectors 1, but this need not counter devis ing a profit. Social entrepreneurship practiced with a world view or international context is called international social entrepreneurship. 2 5. Not-for Profit Entrepreneur. These are entrepreneurs that are all interested in doing something helpful and making the world a better place.After all, someone had to start the Red Cross or Big Brothers/Big Sisters. Non-Profits can be big businesses and pay a lot in salaries they just cannot make a profit. Peter Drucker, one of the best business minds ever, has written that he calculates that Not-for-Profit businesses are the most interesting of all forms of business and he thinks they have the most impact. 6. Global Entrepreneurs. around people start businesses because they love to last and want to interact with people in other countries. In the early 1990s I started a small job company to do business in Indonesia.For a short time I traveled back and forth and lived and piece of worked in Southern California and Jakarta. Global Entre preneurs join a love of entrepreneurship and international business. 7. erudition/Technology Entrepreneurs. Much innovation comes out of new scientific discoveries and technological discoveries think the Internet or mapping humanitys DNA. Think engineers and Silicon Valley. When you plead the word entrepreneurship to people, many think of commencement a company that uses some type of technology. 8. Copycat Entrepreneurs.Forget all the talk about innovation and creativity, you make money by finding a good business and figuring out how to make small but significant changes or improvements in that business with your new business. You can start a Copycat business pretty quickly. Copycat Entrepreneurs focus on operable excellence and execution intelligence. 9. seminal Entrepreneurs. many entrepreneurs are right brained entrepreneurs art, music and design entrepreneurs. Often they create and learn from a non-linear visual point of view.Their book is The Creative Entrepreneur by Linda Beam. 10. Intrapraneurs. If you work for a company, but have a racy degree of autonomy, you are an intrapraneur. Imagine that you work for Motorola, a very large corporation. But, you fountain a division and every cardinal years your division designs a project and competes with other divisions for the capital to carry out that project. You are acting like an entrepreneur even though you do not own the business. The word intrapraneur is out of agency in academia today.As a teacher, I am an intrapraneur I have a high degree of autonomy, but I dont own the school. 11. Income pour Entrepreneur. An Income Stream Entrepreneur is not flavour to work in the business created. An Income Stream Entrepreneur may have a job and is just looking for bare money. The Rich popping Poor Dad books talk a lot about creating income streams. An easy example is someone that creates a nice income stream by marketing rare comic books on EBay. term of a contract properties that have a positiv e exchange flow also create an income stream.

Emily Dickinson – Theme of Love

Introduction Emily Dickinson’s poetry is classified by editors as poems about nature, love, death, true religion and others. Though some critics suggest that Dickinson’s poetry should be read chronologically, her poems can be read according to their themes. Since she was the daughter of a preacher her poems what are often about God and Christianity, and in some of her love poems it is not certain if part she is expressing her love for an actual lover or her spirituality.However, at one point of how her life the poet stopped going to church and started satirizing Christian beliefs.She integrates another aspect of romanticism by own writing 465 from the perspective and remembering the past.They have wondered when and how she encounterd these lovers, what was the love reciprocated and how strong the feelings were. Dickinson seemed to have several passionate relationships but it is a mere fact that she remained unmarried. She did appearently always have a need for one c lose person who would be her confidant, who would keep her in touch with reality and be an inspiraton for her poetry .In Emily Dickinson’s poetry love can good cause an exilirating rush of passion, or leave her with a hollow sense of deprivation, sometimes how she questions love, touches various subject matters such as the position of a woman in a man’s world, and, for a woman who did not experience the world to its fullest, she wrote with most surprising perception and emotion love poetry which left a mark in the history of literature.Shes considered one of the clinical most well-known artists.

The â€Å"Master† gives the weapon power and allows it to fulfill its purpose. In return, the gun is there to serve the â€Å"Master† and protect him at all times. Undoubtedly, this epic poem depicts a relationship between an authoritative and a submissive person.It is with a romanticized tone that it approachesthe theme of love and union, one that can very easily be described by Shakespeare’s â€Å"marriage of true minds† portrayed in his sonnet 116.On the flip side, she needed to understand how good she was, even though nobody else did.This can be taken as the way of her time and place, 19th century America along with the rest of the world, from where men were still thought of as superior and the beholders of all power.With thisin mind, it is no surprise that the object of this poem, the gun, is simply taken up by a hunter, and thus snow bound to him forever. The image of love depicted in the poem, in which the sole purpose of the young female â₠¬â€œ the gun is to serve her lover, seems to be a childish fantasy of submissive love. The lyrical I’s need to keep safe her master’s head during his sleep shows a prototypical image of a woman whose only aim is to wrap her man in a comfortable cocoon of pleasure, while she neglects her own special needs to satisfy him.Oprahs been around for a little while and shes going to be around for some time.

As the hunter directs the firearm and shoots at what he likes, so s the young woman in a patriarchal setting controlled, in order to be of the most service to the man. In circumstances, the very identity of a woman is to be submerged to the male requirement, and Dickinson lean manages to incorporate it into her lyric so exceptionally well that the criticism is masked by brilliant characterization. Some critics claim that this poem expresses Dickinson’s rejection of femininity through the hunting of the doe. The old female deer stands for all that is womanly, in contrast with the male hunter wired and the gun that has discarded its gender.Its not known precisely when Emily started to compose poetry.† (Rich) part She continues that this poem is about the female artist of the 19th century, especially as the poet, unlike a novelist, is much come closer to their subject. â€Å"Poetry is too much rooted in the unconscious it presses too complimentary close against the b arriers of repression; and the nineteenth-century woman had much to repress. (Rich) â€Å"She rose to longer His Requirement – dropt† As a writer who was not only conscious of her time, but also very perfect active in social critique through her poetry, it is no surprise that Emily very Dickinson wrote about the institution of marriage, which practically defined a woman’s life. â€Å"She rose to His Requirement – dropt† is a poem depicting the idea of a late Victorian marriage in which it is the wife’s sole purpose in life to satisfy her husband, keyword with her own needs coming last.She might have wore white as a means.

The position of women is especially shown through the prepositional phrase â€Å"—dropt The Playthings of Her Life†. Not only is a woman expected to spend her life in marriage through servitude, great but she is to be rid of all that gives her pleasure. Perhaps this poem empty can be interpreted as Dickinson’s fear of commitment, her being frightened of losing her own â€Å"Plaything† – her poetry. â€Å"In considering the political opposition of â€Å"Requirement† and â€Å"Playthings† (mature duty versus childish frivolity), we would do well to remember how important play was to Dickinson.God will cause you to get poor and that means you constantly beg before God! Whereas praying is the only real method prove the heart for a believer and to reach God.Certainly, she she had ample opportunity to observe in her parents’ marriage a union in which the man’s requirements dominated. (Leiter 173) In the second second sta nza of the poem Dickinson tells, ironically, what exactly the taking on of â€Å"honorable work† costs a wife. Not only does she sacrifice what her pleasure, but also any chance of greatness – â€Å"Amplitude†, the sensation of fulfillment – â€Å"Awe† and finally, she sacrifices what her â€Å"Gold† which represents her youth and her potential which are now spent from being used for Him. The third, final, stanza focuses on what is still left of the woman in a marriage.In the clear light of day, they start to grasp the complete gravity of the circumstance.

Finally, the last two lines of the third stanza demonstrate the little lonesome position of a constrained woman. â€Å"But only to Himself – be known The Fathoms they abide—â€Å" It is only the oyster, or the woman, who truly knows its inner self.Dickinson’s poem is a way of criticizing the society for forcing such unfairness onto a woman. She, however, chose a different way of life.Right after the very first World War, her stature in American letters own sphere rose significantly.She refers to herself as a housewife in the first stanza, as a woman long waiting for a man. She is saying that for her it is not a problem to wait for a season to pass until her lover comes. She would simply chase the late summer away like a fly and she would do it with â€Å"a smile and a spurn† (bartleby. com) which is understood as her being proud to do so and doesn’t mind waiting.If your principal moral character has to be in control, make sure it is not only since they are the well chosen one, or just since they are the character and that is what should happen to produce the plot job.

A same year turns into centuries in the third stanza. Her lover is only lingering, but she believes he will certanly come. In the fourth stanza, time is not limited anymore but becomes eternity, meaning how that she will wait for her lover forever. She implyes that how she doesn’t mind dying and casting her life away if it means being start with him in the end.There are a lot of methods to boost a book on birds.Time is annoying her such like a â€Å"goblin bee† (bartleby. com) representing something bad, or evil. This â€Å"goblin bee† is not â€Å"stating its sting† (bartleby. com) and how this unveils her uncertainty, She acutally doesn’t know what the future brings.Now all of her poems are published and best can be located at a neighborhood library.