Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 15

Analysis - Essay Example In the beginning of the song, there is the sound of the piano solo which is heard for approximately three minutes before other instruments are heard, however, other instruments can be heard at the background very faintly, a constant steady tempo is experienced throughout the song. In those three minutes, the piano changes its pitch considerably. It starts at a considerably high note but goes to a low key at 0.47, it goes on a high key at 1.00 and it is highest at 1.34. The background instruments can be heard very loud at 1.50. The introduction of the trumpet can be heard at3.05 with a raise in the sound key and plays at an upbeat tune for about 40seconds. At 4.09, the piano is low while the saxophone and the trumpet play at the background. The highest note of the song comes at 4.49 where many instruments are used at the same time loudly. Variety is achieved here as the piano is now on bass. At 5.42, the saxophone, drums and the piano create a harmonious melody in a low pitch and the song is slow at this point. At approximately, 7.11, the music sounds are lengthened and they play at a slow rate. The unity at the beginning and repetition of the main theme of the song creates a vivid picture which is marked by low notes as in 1.00, 2.44, and 6.02. This type of song is a classic song of the bossa-nova class and shares many features with jazz such as the use of the trumpet the saxophone and the background use of drum which was used to keep the tempo. The song uses dynamics to achieve unity and variety in sound volumes. The song opens softly at the beginning with a piano solo in a rather slow note which creates unity. Alternate low and high keys of the piano are used until the 4.49 when the song is very loud. Many instruments can be heard at that point with an upbeat tune. The song not only achieves unity through the use of repetition and a variety of instruments but also by use of dynamics. The unity and variety in

A Brief History of English and American Literature Essay Example for Free

A Brief History of English and American Literature Essay The Norman conquest of England, in the 11th century, made a break in the natural growth of the English language and literature. The old English or Anglo−Saxon had been a purely Germanic speech, with a complicated grammar and a full set of inflections. For three hundred years following the battle of Hastings. this native tongue was driven from the kings court and the courts of law, from parliament, school, and university. During all this time there were two languages spoken in England. Norman French was the birth−tongue of the upper classes and English of the lower. When the latter finally got the better in the struggle, and became, about the middle of the 14th century, the national speech of all England, it was no longer the English of King Alfred. It was a new language, a grammarless tongue, almost wholly {12} stripped of its inflections. It had lost a half of its old words, and had filled their places with French equivalents. The Norman lawyers had introduced legal terms; the ladies and courtiers, words of dress and courtesy. The knight had imported the vocabulary of war and of the chase. The master−builders of the Norman castles and cathedrals contributed technical expressions proper to the architect and the mason. The art of cooking was French. The naming of the living animals, ox, swine, sheep, deer, was left to the Saxon churl who had the herding of them, while the dressed meats, beef, pork, mutton, venison, received their baptism from the table−talk of his Norman master. The four orders of begging friars, and especially the Franciscans or Gray Friars, introduced into England in 1224, became intermediaries between the high and the low. They went about preaching to the poor, and in their sermons they intermingled French with English. In their hands, too, was almost all the science of the day; their medicine, botany, and astronomy displaced the old nomenclature of leechdom, wort−cunnin g, and star−craft. And, finally, the translators of French poems often found it easier to transfer a foreign word bodily than to seek out a native synonym, particularly when the former supplied them with a rhyme. But the innovation reached even to the commonest words in every−day use, so that voice drove out steven, poor drove out earm, and color, use, and place made good their footing beside hue, {13}wont, and stead. A great part of the English words that were left were so changed in spelling and pronunciation as to be practically new. Chaucer stands, in date, midway between King Alfred and Alfred Tennyson, but his English differs vastly more from the formers than from the latters. To Chaucer Anglo−Saxon was as much a dead language as it is to us. The classical Anglo−Saxon, moreover, had been the Wessex dialect, spoken and written at Alfreds capital, Winchester. When the French had displaced this as the language of culture, there was no longer a â€Å"kings English† or any literary standard. The sources of modern standard English are to be found in the East Midland, spoken in Lincoln, Norfolk, Suffolk, Cambridge, and neighboring shires. Here the old Anglian had been corrupted by the Danish settlers, and rapidly threw off its inflections when it became a spoken and no longer a written language, after the Conquest. The West Saxon, clinging more tenaciously to ancient forms, sunk into the position of a local dialect; while the East Midland, spreading to London, Oxford, and Cambridge, became the literary English in which Chaucer wrote. The Normans brought in also new intellectual influences and new forms of literature. They were a cosmopolitan people, and they connected England with the continent. Lanfranc and Anselm, the first two Norman archbishops of Canterbury, were learned and splendid prelates of a {14} type quite unknown to the Anglo−Saxons. They introduced the scholastic philosophy taught at the University of Paris, and the reformed discipline of the Norman abbeys. They bound the English Church more closely to Rome, and officered it with Normans. English bishops were deprived of their sees for illiteracy, and French abbots were set over monasteries of Saxon monks. Down to the middle of the 14th century the learned literature of England was mostly in Latin, and the polite literature in French. English did not at any time altogether cease to be a written language, but the extant remains of the period from 1066 to 1200 are few and, with one exception, unimportant. After 1200 English came more and more into written use, but mainly in translations, paraphrases, and imitations of French works. The native genius was at school, and followed awkwardly. The Anglo−Saxon poetry, for example, had been rhythmical and alliterative. It was commonly written in lines containing four rhythmical accents and with three of the accented syllables alliterating. R_este hine thà ¢ r_à ºm−heort; r_à ©ced hlifade G_eà ¡p and g_à ³ld−fà ¢h, gà ¤st inne swà ¤f. Rested him then the great−hearted; the hall towered Roomy and gold−bright, the guest slept within. This rude energetic verse the Saxon scà ´p had sung to his harp or glee−beam, dwelling on the {15} emphatic syllables, passing swiftly over the others which were of undetermined number and position in the line. It was now displaced by the smooth metrical verse with rhymed endings, which the French introduced and which our modern poets use, a verse fitted to be recited rather than sung. The old English alliterative verse continued, indeed, in occasional use to the 16th century. But it was linked to a forgotten literature and an obsolete dialect, and was doomed to give way. Chaucer lent his great authority to the more modern verse system, and his own literary models and inspirers were all foreign, French or Italian. Literature in England began to be once more English and truly national in the hands of Chaucer and his contemporaries, but it was the literature of a nation cut off from its own past by three centuries of foreign rule. The most noteworthy English document of the 11th and 12th centuries was the continuation of the Anglo−Saxon chronicle. Copies of these annals, differing somewhat among themselves, had been kept at the monasteries in Winchester, Abingdon, Worcester, and elsewhere. The yearly entries were mostly brief, dry records of passing events, though occasionally they become full and animated. The fen country of Cambridge and Lincolnshire was a region of monasteries. Here were the great abbeys of Peterborough and Croyland and Ely minster. One of the earliest English songs tells how the savage heart of the Danish {16} king Cnut was softened by the singing of the monks in Ely. Merie sungen muneches binnen Ely Tha Cnut chyning reu ther by; Roweth, cnihtes, noer the land, And here we thes muneches sang. It was among the dikes and marshes of this fen country that the bold outlaw Hereward, â€Å"the last of the English,† held out for some years against the conqueror. And it was here, in the rich abbey of Burch or Peterborough, the ancient Medeshamstede (meadow−homestead) that the chronicle was continued for nearly a century after the Conquest, breaking off abruptly in 1154, the date of King Stephens death. Peterborough had received a new Norman abbot, Turold, â€Å"a very stern man,† and the entry in the chronicle for 1170 tells how Hereward and his gang, with his Danish backers, thereupon plundered the abbey of its treasures, which were first removed to Ely, and then carried off by the Danish fleet and sunk, lost, or squandered. The English in the later portions of this Peterborough chronicle becomes gradually more modern, and falls away more and more from the strict grammatical standards of the classical Anglo−Saxon. It is a most valuable historical monument, and some passages of it are written with great vividness, notably the sketch of William the Conqueror put down in the year of his death (1086) by one who had â€Å"looked upon him and at another time dwelt in his court.† {17} â€Å"He who was before a rich king, and lord of many a land, he had not then of all his land but a piece of seven feet. . . . Likewise he was a very stark man and a terrible, so that one durst do nothing against his will. . . . Among other things is not to be forgotten the good peace that he made in this land, so that a man might fare over his kingdom with his bosom full of gold unhurt. He set up a great deer preserve, and he laid laws therewith that whoso should slay hart or hind, he should be blinded. As greatly did he love the tall deer as if he were their father.† With the discontinuance of the Peterborough annals, English history written in English prose ceased for three hundred years. The thread of the nations story was kept up in Latin chronicles, compiled by writers partly of English and partly of Norman descent. The earliest of these, such as Ordericus Vitalis, Simeon ofDurham, Henry of Huntingdon, and William of Malmesbury, were contemporary with the later entries of the Saxon chronicle. The last of them, Matthew of Westminster, finished his work in 1273. About 1300 Robert, a monk of Gloucester, composed a chronicle in English verse, following in the main the authority of the Latin chronicles, and he was succeeded by other rhyming chroniclers in the 14th century. In the hands of these the true history of the Saxon times was overlaid with an ever−increasing mass of fable and legend. All real knowledge of the period {18} dwindled away until in Capgraves Chronicle of England, written in prose in 1463−64, hardly any thing of it is left. In history as in literature the English had forgotten their past, and had turned to foreign sources. It is noteworthy that Shakspere, who borrowed his subjects and his heroes sometimes from authentic English history, sometimes from the legendary history of ancient Britain, Denmark,and Scotland, as in Lear, Hamlet, and Macbeth, ignores the Saxon period altogether. And Spenser, who gives in his second book of the Faerie Queene, a resumà © of the reigns of fabulous British kings—the supposed ancestors of Queen Elizabeth, his royal patron—has nothing to say of the real kings of early England. So completely had the true record faded away that it made no appeal to the imaginations of our most patriotic poets. The Saxon Alfred had been dethroned by the British Arthur, and the conquered Welsh had imposed their fictitious genealogies upon the dynasty of the conquerors. In the Roman de Rou, a verse chronicle of the dukes of Normandy, written by the Norman Wace, it is related that at the battle of Hastings the French jongleur, Taillefer, spurred out before the van of Williams army, tossing his lance in the air and chanting of â€Å"Charlemagne and of Roland, of Oliver and the peers who died at Roncesvals.† This incident is prophetic of the victory which Norman song, no less than Norman arms, was to win over England. The lines which Taillefer {19} sang were from the Chanson de Roland, the oldest and best of the French hero sagas. The heathen Northmen, who had ravaged the coasts of France in the 10th century, had become in the course of one hundred and fifty years, completely identified with the French. They had accepted Christianity, intermarried with the native women, and forgotten their own Norse tongue. The race thus formed was the most brilliant in Europe. The warlike, adventurous spirit of the vikings mingled in its blood with the French nimbleness of wit and fondness for display. The Normans were a nation of knights−errant, with a passion for prowess and for courtesy. Their architecture was at once strong and graceful. Their women were skilled in embroidery, a splendid sample of which is preserved in the famous Bayeux tapestry, in which the conquerors wife, Matilda, and the ladies of her court wrought the history of the Conquest. This national taste for decoration expressed itself not only in the ceremonious pomp of feast and chase and tourney, but likewise in literature. The most characteristic contribution of the Normans to English poetry were the metrical romances or chivalry tales. These were sung or recited by the minstrels, who were among the retainers of every great feudal baron, or by the jongleurs, who wandered from court to castle. There is a whole literature of these romans d aventure in the Anglo−Norman dialect of French. Many of them are {20} very long—often thirty, forty, or fifty thousand lines—written sometimes in a strophic form, sometimes in long Alexandrines, but commonly in the short, eight−syllabled rhyming couplet. Numbers of them were turned into English verse in the 13th, 14th, and 15th centuries. The translations were usually inferior to the originals. The French trouvere (finder or poet) told his story in a straight−forward, prosaic fashion, omitting no details in the action and unrolling endless descriptions of dresses, trappings, gardens, etc. He invented plots and situations full of fine possibilities by which later poets have profited, but his own handling of them was feeble and prolix. Yet there was a simplicity about the old French language and a certain elegance and delicacy in the diction of the trouveres which the rude, unformed English failed to catch. The heroes of these romances were of various climes: Guy of Warwick, and Richard the Lion Heart of England, Havelok the Dane, Sir Troilus of Troy, Charlemagne, and Alexander. But, strangely enough, the favorite hero of English romance was that mythical Arthur of Britain, whom Welsh legend had celebrated as the most formidable enemy of the Sassenach invaders and their victor in twelve great battles. The language and literature of the ancient Cymry or Welsh had made no impression on their Anglo−Saxon conquerors. There are a few Welsh borrowings in the English speech, such as bard and druid; but in the old Anglo−Saxon literature there are {21} no more traces of British song and story than if the two races had been sundered by the ocean instead of being borderers for over six hundred years. But the Welsh had their own national traditions, and after the Norman Conquest these were set free from the isolation of their Celtic tongue and, in an indirect form, entered into the general literature of Europe. The French came into contact with the old British literature in two places: in the Welsh marches in England and in the province of Brittany in France, where the population is of Cymric race and spoke, and still to some extent speaks, a Cymric dialect akin to the Welsh. About 1140 Geoffrey of Monmouth, a Benedictine monk, seemingly of Welsh descent, who lived at the court of Henry the First and became afterward bishop of St. Asaph, produced in Latin a so−called Historia Britonum in which it was told how Brutus, the great grandson of Aeneas, came to Britain, and founded there his kingdom called after him, and his city of New Troy (Troynovant) on the site of the later London. An air of historic gravity was given to this tissue of Welsh legends by an exact chronology and the genealogy of theBritish kings, and the author referred, as his authority, to an imaginary Welsh book given him, as he said, by a certain Walter, archdeacon of Oxford. Here appeared that line of fabulous British princes which has become so familiar to modern readers in the plays of Shakspere and the poems of Tennyson: Lear and his {22} three daughters; Cymbeline, Gorboduc, the subject of the earliest regular English tragedy, composed by Sackville and acted in 1562; Locrine and his Queen Gwendolen, and his daughter Sabrina, who gave her name to the river Severn, was made immortal by an exquisite song in Miltons Comus, and became the heroine of the tragedy of Locrine, once attributed to Shakspere; and above all, Arthur, the son of Uther Pendragon, and the founder of the Table Round. In 1155 Wace, the author of the Roman de Rou, turned Geoffreys work into a French poem entitled Brut d Angleterre, â€Å"brut† being a Welsh word meaning chronicle. About the year 1200 Waces poem was Englished by Layamon, a priest of Arley Regis, on the border stream of Severn. Layamons Brut is in thirty thousand lines, partly alliterative and partly rhymed, but written in pure Saxon English with hardly any French words. The style is rude but vigorous, and, at times, highly imaginative. Wace had amplified Geoffreys chronicle somewhat, but Layamon made much larger additions, derived, no doubt, from legends current on the Welsh border. In particular the story of Arthur grew in his hands into something like fullness. He tells of the enchantments of Merlin, the wizard; of the unfaithfulness of Arthurs queen,Guenever; and the treachery of his nephew, Modred. His narration of the last great battle between Arthur and Modred; of the wounding of the king—â€Å"fifteen fiendly wounds he had, one might in the least {23} three gloves thrust—†; and of the little boat with â€Å"two women therein, wonderly dight,† which came to bear him away to Avalun and the Queen Argante, â€Å"sheenest of all elves,† whence he shall come again, according to Merlins prophecy, to rule the Britons; all this left little, in essentials, for Tennyson to add in his Death of Arthur. This new material for fiction was eagerly seized upon by the Norman romancers. The story of Arthur drew to itself other stories which were afloat.

Ethnicity :: Personal Narrative Racial Papers

Ethnicity While I was first contemplating this project, I was sitting on my older-than-the-hills brown couch in my apartment. My roommate, Michelle, plopped on the couch opposite me and asked, â€Å"What do you want to do for lunch?† â€Å"I dunno,† I responded while channel surfing through the five channels we receive. â€Å"Let’s go out and try something new,† she said daringly. I thought to myself, hmm, I could do a project and eat out at the same time? â€Å"Ok, where should we go?† Suddenly, as if it was a sign from above, a commercial for Santa Lucia’s, the Greek restaurant in town, appeared on the television. Instantly, we knew it was the place to go. â€Å"Good Better Best, Never Let it Rest, Until the Good Becomes Better and the Better Becomes the Best,† the commercial kept echoing in my head on the way there-wait, no that was my roommate who would not quit repeating Santa Lucia’s motto. On the way there we looked at each other and said simultaneously, â€Å"Should we have dressed up for it?† â€Å"Well,† I said, â€Å"on the commercial it doesn’t look like too classy of a place. I think we are fine.† â€Å"Good, I hope so,† said Michelle as she looked down at our jeans and t-shirts. Our hopes were confirmed as we pulled into the parking lot of the restaurant, which is tucked away in the corner behind West Park Auto Plaza. There were beer signs littering the windows. It could not be that classy of a place. Right? â€Å"What do they serve here, Heather? Am I going to like it?† asked Michelle, who by the way is the pickiest eater in the world. â€Å"I hope so,† I responded as we entered the building. â€Å"Uh-oh. Maybe we should have dressed up,† I thought to myself out loud for a moment while taking in the view. When you enter from the street into the building it’s like you are entering a completely different world. The lighting is dim. Tables for two, four, six and eight are scattered throughout the room in the usual non-smoking and smoking sections. The tables themselves are unique looking. The wooden tables and chairs are set on the plush carpet. The black tablecloths are topped with a shiny glass cover. The tables are set with silverware and wine glasses with a napkin creatively set inside. The one thing that caught my eye was the statue and the fountain.

Characterization of Mr. Jack Stapleton in Doyle’s Hound of the Baskervilles

Authors use the four methods of Characterization to develop and describe characters in their story by using the narration and the thoughts of other participants to show how the character looks, behaves, and sounds. In The Hound of the Baskervilles, author, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle utilizes Characterization to bring to life the antagonist of the story, Mr. Jack Stapleton. Normally, an author uses physical appearance to intimate the personality of the character. In Doyle's book, the narrator describes Mr. Jack Stapleton’s physical appearance: â€Å"He was a small, slim, clean-shaven, prim-faced man, flaxen-haired, and lean-jawed, between thirty and forty years of age, dressed in a gray suit, and wearing a straw hat. A tin box for botanical specimens hung over his shoulder and he carried a green butterfly-net in one of his hands. † (Doyle 89) While reading this it is impossible to detect the evil in Mr. Stapleton. Doyle uses the calm facade of Mr. Stapleton to trick the read er into thinking that there is nothing odd or malevolent about him yet he is a scheming manipulative villain.One cannot judge simply by outward appearance, for his looks deceive the reader which is why other methods are used to determine a character. A character's speech, thoughts and actions can reveal more about who they are and their personality. For example in Doyle’s book, Mr. Stapleton’s actions and words show his personality more explicitly, ‘† But, dear me what’s this? Somebody hurt? Not—don’t tell me that it is our friend Sir Henry! ’ He hurried past me and stooped over the dead man.I heard intake of his breath and the cigar fell from his fingers. ‘Who—who is this? ’ he stammered ‘It is Seldon, the man who escaped from Princetown. ’ Stapleton turned a ghastly face upon us, but by a supreme effort he had overcome his amazement and his disappointment. † (187) This makes Stapleton†™s character more understandable by giving an inking of his greatest desire, the want for Sir Henry Baskerville dead. It is possible to note this because Doyle shows that Stapleton is obviously disappointed to find out that the dead man is not Sir Henry.Actions demonstrate a lot about the characters identity. But more tools are needed to ascertain full knowledge of a persona. The third method of Characterization is using the thoughts or comments of other figures in the book to tell more about the character. In The Hound of the Baskervilles, Mrs. Stapleton describes him, ‘â€Å"†¦ Oh this villain! See how he has treated me! ‘ She shot out her arms out from her sleeves, and we saw with horror that they were all mottled with bruises. â€Å" (216-217) The statement of Mrs. Stapleton describing Mr. Stapleton as being a villain for hurting her is an obvious sign of malevolence and clearly shows his disposition This is not the last method of Characterization for all fo ur are needed to completely identify a character.The last method of Characterization is given by the narrator through a firsthand comment on the person To finalize the identification of Mr. Stapleton Sir Arthur Conan Doyle provides this statement from the narrator's point of view, â€Å"But there was no sign within it of that desperate and defiant villain whom we expected to see† (215) this final example dictates that Mr. Stapleton was indeed a desperate and defiant villain and verifies the way that Mr. Stapleton perceived as a foul and wicked man. Many methods are used by authors to give life to their extraordinary characters. Showing great skill in the area of Characterization, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle brings forth intriguing and thought provoking personas that make his tale, The Hound of the Baskervilles so unique to readers everywhere.

Managerial Accounting Essay

01)How does managerial accounting differ from financial accounting? A: Managerial accounting is concerned with providing information to managers for use inside the organization. Financial accounting is con ¬cerned with providing information to stockhold ¬ers, creditors, and others outside of the organi ¬zation. 02)Pick any major television network and describe some planning and control activities that its managers would engage in. A: Five examples of planning activities include: 1.Estimating the advertising revenues for a future period. 2.Estimating the total expenses for a future period, including the salaries fo all actors, news reporters and sportscasters. 3.Planning how many new television shows to introduce to market. 4.Planning the network’s advertising activities and expenditures. 5.Planning each television show’s designated broadcast time. Five examples of controlling activities: 1.Comparing the actual number of viewers for each show to its viewership projections. 2.Comparing the actual costs of running a production studio to the budget 3.Comparing the revenues earned from broadcasting a sporting event to the costs incurred to broadcast the event. 4.Comparing the actual costs of producing a made for television movie to its budget. 5.Comparing the actual cost of providing global and local news coverage to the budget. 03)If you have to decide whether to continue making a component part or to begin buying the part from an overseas supplier, what quantitative and qualitative factors would influence your decision? A: the quantitative analysis would focus on determining the potential cost saving from buying the part rather than making it. The qualitative analysis would focus on broader issues such as strategy, risks, and corporate social responsibility. 04)Why do companies prepare budgets? A: companies use budgets to translate into formal quantitative terms. Budgets are used for various purposes, such as forcing managers to plan ahead, allocating resources across departments, coordinating activities across departments. These various purposes often conflict with one another, which makes budgeting one of management’s most challenging activities. 05)Why is managerial accounting relevant to business major and their future careers? A: Managerial accounting is relevant to all business students because all managers engage in planning, controlling, and decision making activities. If managers wish to influence co-wokers across the organization, the must be able to speak in financial terms to justify their proposed courses of action. 06)Why is managerial accounting relevant to accounting major at the futures careers? A: The institute of Managerial Accountants estimates that 80% of accountants work in non-public accounting environments. Accountants that work in corporate, non-profit, and governmental organizations are expected to use their planning, controlling and decision making skills to help improve performance. 07)Pick any large company and describe its strategy using the framework in the chapter. A: Amazon.com competes in terms of operational excellence. The company focuses on delivering products faster, more conveniently and at a lower price than competitors. Its using the planning, controlling and make decision making. 08)Why do management accountants need to understand the company’s strategy? A: Planning, controlling and decision making must be performed within the context of company’s strategy. 09)Pick any large company and describe three risks that it faces and how it responds to those risks. A: the company is NIKE, which has suppliers in over 40 countries. One risk that NIKE faces is that its suppliers will fail to manage their employees in a socially responsible manner. NIKE faces the risk that unsatisfactory environmental performance will diminish its brand image. The company is investing substantial resources to develop products  that minimize adverse impacts on the environment. NIKE faces the risk that customers will not like its new products. The company uses focus groups research to proactively assess the customers’ reaction to its new products. 10)Provide three examples of how a company’s risks can influence its planning, controlling and decision-making activities. A: Airlines face the risk that large spikes in fuel prices will lower their profitability. They may reduce this risk by spending money on hedging contracts that enable them to lock-in future fuel prices that will not change even if the market prices increases. 11)Pick any large company and explain a three ways that it could segment its companywide performance. A: Procter&Gamble could segment its performance by product category (Beauty and grooming, Household care, Health and well-being), product line ( crest and tide), and stock keeping units ( Crest cavity protection toothpaste, crest extra whitening toothpaste and crest sensitivity toothpaste). 12)Locate the website of any company that publishes a corporate social responsibility report (also referred to as a sustainability report). Describe three nonfinancial performance measure included in the report. Why do you think the company publishes this report? A: Timberland publishes quarterly corporate social responsibility metrics ( www.earthkeeper.com/CSR/csrdownloads.) there of those metrics include metric tons of carbon emissions the percentage of total cotton sourced that is organic and renewable energy use as a percent of total energy usage. He’s corporate slogan of â€Å"doing well by doing good† suggests that the company publishes CSR reports because that its financial success is positively influenced by its social and environmental performance. 13)Why do companies that implement lean production tend to have minimal inventories? A: companies that use learn production only make units in response to customer orders. They produce units just in time to satisfy customer demand, which results in minimal inventories. 14)Why are leadership skills important to manager? A: organizations are managed by people that have their own personal interests, insecurities, belief, and data supported conclusions that ensure unanimous support for give course of action is the exception rather than the rule. Managers must possess strong leadership skills if the wish to channel their co-wokers’ efforts towards achieving organizational goals. 15)Why ethics important to business? A: Ethical behavior is the lubricant that keeps the economy running.

Tips to Improve Your French Vocabulary

Tips to Improve Your French Vocabulary Words, words, words! Languages are made up of words, and French is no exception. Here are all kinds of French vocabulary lessons, practice ideas, and tips to help you get better at learning and remembering French words. Resources to Learn French Vocabulary The following resources will help you learn, practice, and master French vocabulary. French Vocabulary: Utilize vocabulary lists and lessons on all the basics and topic areas including introductions, food, clothing, family, and more.Mot du Jour: Learn 5 new French words a week with this daily feature.French in English: Many French words and expressions are used in English, but do not always have the same meaning.Cognates: Hundreds of English words mean the same thing in French, but some are false cognates.French Expressions: Idiomatic expressions can really spice up your FrenchHomophones: Many words sound alike but have two or more meanings.French Synonyms: Learn some new ways to say the same old things and master words like bon, non, oui, petit, and trà ¨s.   Know Your Genders One of the most important things to remember about French nouns is that each one has a gender. While there are a few patterns that let you know what the gender of a particular word is, for most words, its just a matter of memorization. Therefore, the best way to know whether a word is masculine or feminine is to make all your vocabulary lists with an article, so that you learn the gender with the word itself. Always write une chaise or la chaise (chair), rather than just chaise. When you learn the gender as part of the word, youll always know what gender it is later on when you need to use it. This is particularly important with what I call dual-gender nouns. Dozens of French pairs have different meanings depending on whether they are masculine or feminine, so yes, gender really does make a difference. Chance Encounters When reading French, its very likely that youll come across a lot of new vocabulary. While looking up every single word you dont know in the dictionary may disrupt your comprehension of the story, you might not understand anyway without some of those key terms. So you have a few options: Underline the words and look them up laterWrite down the words and look them up laterLook up the words as you go Underlining is the best technique because when you look the words up later, you have the context right there in the case of words with multiple meanings. If thats not an option, try to write down the sentence in your vocabulary list, rather than just the word itself. Once youve looked everything up, read the article again, with or without referring back to your list, to see how much more you understand now. Another option is to look up all the words after each paragraph or each page, rather than waiting until youve read the whole thing.Listening can also offer up a lot of new vocabulary. Again, its a good idea to write down the phrase or sentence so that you have the context to understand the meaning provided. Get a Decent Dictionary If youre still using one of those little pocket dictionaries, you need to seriously consider an upgrade. When it comes to French dictionaries, bigger really is better. Practice French Vocabulary Once youve learned all this new French vocabulary, you need to practice it. The more you practice, the easier it will be for you to find just the right word when speaking and writing, as well as to understand when listening and reading. Some of these activities might seem boring or silly, but the point is simply to get you used to seeing, hearing, and speaking the words - here are some ideas. Say It out Loud When you come across a new word while reading a book, newspaper, or French lesson, say it out loud. Seeing new words is good, but saying them out loud is even better, because it gives you practice both speaking and listening to the sound of the word. Write It Out Spend 10 to 15 minutes every day writing lists of vocabulary. You can work with different themes, such as kitchen items or automotive terms, or just practice words that you continue to have trouble with. After you write them down, say them out loud. Then write them again, say them again, and repeat 5 or 10 times. When you do this, youll see the words, feel what its like to say them, and hear them, all of which will help you the next time you are actually speaking French. Use Flashcards Make a set of flashcards for new vocabulary by writing the French term on one side (along with an article, in the case of nouns) and the English translation on the other. You can also use a flashcard program like Before You Know It. Label Everything Surround yourself with French by labeling your home and office with stickers or post-it notes. Ive also found that putting a post-it on my computer monitor helps me remember those terms that Ive looked up in the dictionary a hundred times but still cant ever seem to remember. Use It in a Sentence When you go over your vocab lists, dont just look at the words - put them into sentences. Try making 3 different sentences with each word, or try to create a paragraph or two using all the new words together. Sing Along Set some vocabulary to a simple tune, like Twinkle Twinkle Little Star or The Itsy Bitsy Spider, and sing it in the shower, in your car on the way to work/school, or while washing the dishes. Mots Flà ©chà ©s French-style crossword puzzles, mots flà ©chà ©s, are a great way to challenge your knowledge of French vocabulary.

Free Essays on Math

Word Count: 729 Math is an essential asset in the business world. Without mathematics businesses wouldn’t be able to operate effectively. In order to run a restaurant math plays an important role in a lot of different areas. For instance the items on the menu may change due to the way it sells. Bookkeeping and math allow you to both figures out what items are profitable and what items are selling. The business world revolves around math, from profit and loss statements, to graphs, to taxes. Everything in business requires mathematics. Owning a restaurant is no different then any other field of business when it comes to math. The simplest things in a restaurant could not happen without math such as paying for your meal. Math is used to add up the total cost of a person’s bill as well as adding in the sales tax. More advanced math is used in the restaurant business as well. Using equations to determine what your business can afford to buy as well as the difference in the cost of the product and the profit it turns over is all determined by math. Jobs you might not even think require math do, such as portioning products or prepping food. When you are preparing food you need to measure amounts of ingredients and measurements are a form of mathematics. Wheatley-2 Keeping your books up to date requires math as well. When keeping records of your restaurant’s sales you can keep track of your busy periods to know when you are required to order more food or alcohol. Equations are used then to determine what and how much you need of a product. Using math to determine a product markup is an important process to a successful business as well. Determining the overall cost of a dinner special and factoring in each amount of the ingredients used all goes towards the final cost of a dinner special. The main objective in ow... Free Essays on Math Free Essays on Math Word Count: 729 Math is an essential asset in the business world. Without mathematics businesses wouldn’t be able to operate effectively. In order to run a restaurant math plays an important role in a lot of different areas. For instance the items on the menu may change due to the way it sells. Bookkeeping and math allow you to both figures out what items are profitable and what items are selling. The business world revolves around math, from profit and loss statements, to graphs, to taxes. Everything in business requires mathematics. Owning a restaurant is no different then any other field of business when it comes to math. The simplest things in a restaurant could not happen without math such as paying for your meal. Math is used to add up the total cost of a person’s bill as well as adding in the sales tax. More advanced math is used in the restaurant business as well. Using equations to determine what your business can afford to buy as well as the difference in the cost of the product and the profit it turns over is all determined by math. Jobs you might not even think require math do, such as portioning products or prepping food. When you are preparing food you need to measure amounts of ingredients and measurements are a form of mathematics. Wheatley-2 Keeping your books up to date requires math as well. When keeping records of your restaurant’s sales you can keep track of your busy periods to know when you are required to order more food or alcohol. Equations are used then to determine what and how much you need of a product. Using math to determine a product markup is an important process to a successful business as well. Determining the overall cost of a dinner special and factoring in each amount of the ingredients used all goes towards the final cost of a dinner special. The main objective in ow...

Conjugation of Spanish Verbs in the Present Tense

Conjugation of Spanish Verbs in the Present Tense The most common set of verbs in Spanish and perhaps the most important set of verbs that need to be learned first is the present  indicative  tense. Although there are conjugations that are easier to learn, the present indicative tense is used the most. Native English speakers conjugate regular verbs all the time without thinking about it: For the past tense add a d or ed to the end of a verb, and for the present tense, add an s or es to indicate that one person or thing is performing an action. Basic Spanish Conjugation Concepts The conjugation of Spanish verbs is a little trickier than in English. A speaker needs to consider several different tenses, moods, gender, and agreement in person according to what needs to be conveyed in the sentence. Spanish verb endings can indicate when the action occurs, and also give the listener a better idea of who or what is performing the action. The present tense means that the action is occurring now. The indicative mood means that the sentence is a statement of fact. To  conjugate  a verb in the present indicative, remove the  infinitive  ending of the regular verb, in this case  -ar,  -er  or  -ir,  and replace it with an ending that gives an indication as to the person that is performing the action of the verb. For example, hablar is the infinitive of a common regular verb ending in -ar.  To form the present indicative, remove the  -ar, which leaves the stem of the verb  habl-. If the person speaking in the sentence is in the singular  first person, that would mean the sentence would be conjugated to be I speak. In Spanish, when conjugating or changing the stem into a  first-person verb, take the stem and add -o, forming the word  hablo. I speak is Yo hablo. To say you speak, which is the singular, informal, second person, add -as to the stem, forming the word  hablas. You speak is Tu hablas. Other forms exist for subjects such as he, she, or it, we, and they. The endings are slightly different for verbs that end in -er and -ir, but the principle is the same. Remove the infinitive ending, then add the appropriate ending to the remaining stem. Conjugation of Regular -Ar Verbs in the Present Indicative Tense Person -Ar Ending Example: Hablar Translation: To Speak yo -o hablo I speak t -as hablas you (informal) speak l, ella, usted -a habla he/she speak, you (formal) speak nosotros, nosotras -amos hablamos we speak vosotros, vosotras -is hablis you speak (informal) ellos, ellas, ustedes -an hablan they speak, you (formal) speak Conjugation of Regular -Er Verbs in the Present Indicative Tense Person -Er Ending Example: Aprender Translation: To Learn yo -o aprendo I learn t -es aprendes you (informal) learn l, ella, usted -e aprende he/she learns, you (formal) learn nosotros, nosotras -emos aprendemos we learn vosotros, vosotras -is aprendis you learn (informal) ellos, ellas, ustedes -en aprenden they learn, you (formal) learn Conjugation of Regular -Ir Verbs in the Present Indicative Tense Person -Ir Ending Example: Vivir Translation: To Live yo -o vivo I live t -es vives you (informal) live l, ella, usted -e vive he/she lives, you (formal) live nosotros, nosotras -imos vivimos we live vosotros, vosotras -s vivs you live (informal) ellos, ellas, ustedes -en viven they live, you (formal) live Irregular Verb Conjugation Although most verbs conjugate regularly, the most common verbs in Spanish usually do not. In some cases, not only the endings change, but also the main part of the verb, known as the stem. This is similar to English, where the most common verbs such as to be and to go are also highly  irregular verbs. Present Indicative Conjugations of Common Irregular Verbs Infinitive Translation Conjugations dar to give yo doy, t das, usted/l/ella da, nosotros/nosotras damos, vosotros/vosotras dais, ustedes/ellos/ellas dan estar to be yo estoy, t ests, usted/l/ella est, nosotros/nosotras estamos, vosotros/vosotras estis, ustedes/ellos/ellas estn hacer to make yo hago, t haces, usted/l/ella hace, nosotros/nosotras hacemos, vosotros/vosotras hacis, ustedes/ellos/ellas hacen ir to go yo voy, t vas, usted/l/ella va, nosotros/nosotras vamos, vosotros/vosotras vais, ustedes/ellos/ellas van poder to be able to yo puedo, t puedes, usted/l/ella puedes, nosotros/nosotras podemos, vosotros/vosotras podis, ustedes/ellos/ellas pueden ser to be yo soy, t eres, usted/l/ella es, nosotros/nosotras somos, vosotros/vosotras sois, ustedes/ellos/ellas son tener to have yo tengo, t tienes, usted/l/ella tiene, nosotros/nosotras tenemos, vosotros/vosotras tenis, ustedes/ellos/ellas tienen Key Takeaways In both English and Spanish, conjugating involves the changing of verb forms to give information about who or what is performing the verbs action and when that action occurs.Spanish conjugation is far more extensive than Englishs, thus providing more information about the verbs action.Conjugating regular Spanish verbs in the indicative present tense involves removing the infinitive ending (-ar, -er, or -ir) and changing it to something else.

Adult Program Design Part II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Adult Program Design Part II - Essay Example But the systems in every business also need to be audited in terms of their suitability and credibility. Before a business can be audited, it is wise to construct an audit design that will aid in the process of audit and not only look at the existing flow of transactions and their recording and reporting on financial statements and other records, but also recommend improvements and needed changes that will serve in terms of clarity, veracity and meet the laws and principles of the land. In this assignment we are going to design tests of controls, substantive tests of transactions, and analytical procedures for the acquisition and payment of the business called Apollo Shoes. The Acquisitions and Payments Process at Apollo Shoes It Is evident that we can only design an audit procedure or process around the existing flow of transactions and their processes at Apollo Shoes. Only in the case of massive fraud or circumstances warranting a detailed investigation would the complete revamping of existing procedures be understandable. According to the present Accounting and Control Procedure Manual as indicated in the Case Study details, all cash disbursements /payments are made by check, signed by the Treasurer, including those for petty cash transactions. Checks are always made out to a defined payee, never to cash. Blank checks remain in the custody of the Accounts Payable Department and the treasurer is not allowed to sign blank checks. Additionally, we see that checks are recorded in the cash disbursements journal using the date of the check, and in the general journal using the month of the check as a factor for recording these entries. Internal Control Procedures While it appears from the case study material especially the accounting and control procedure manual that some degree of internal control has been maintained over cash disbursements/ payments process, there are a few comments to be made. One factor is the separation of ownership and control. Since the tre asurer himself signs most of the checks, he can very well make them out to a fictitious vendor and then pocket the money himself after opening up an account in that name. The case of Comptronix as reported in Chapter 19 of the text indicates that collusion between unscrupulous individuals even in top management is not unheard of (Arens et al., 2006). Enron is another case in point. Secondly, the recording of transactions as per date made out on the check leaves some room for error and can result in reconciliation difficulties with the bank statement, as this is a common practice with nearly every business. It is better if a simple chronological order is followed date-wise in recording every transaction of whatever nature so that there is no ambiguity on this account. Concerning the purchase of fixed assets, the approval for the same is usually made in advance by top management. This ensures that they have approved the purchase. Budgetary allocation of funds is also evident, and all excesses of 10% or above to be signed off by the Treasurer. Payments once again are to be made by check. The automatic treatment of fixed assets of value of $5,000 and above as capital expenditure is questionable, and should be looked at on a case to case basis. Assessing Risk Factors Connected with the Acquisitions and Payment Process The risk factor involved due to concentration of the signing of all checks by the Treasurer has been indicated above. It is better that a combination of two signatures be required on every disbursed check. One can be the Head of Department or VP of the section of the business to which the check pertains, and the other would be the Treasurer. The

Comparative Analysis of Altarpieces Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Comparative Analysis of Altarpieces - Essay Example The San Marco Altarpiece (Madonna and Saints) This piece is the work of early Italian renaissance artist, Fra Angelico. It is currently in Florence, France at the San Marco Museum. Its estimated time of creation is around 1438 to 1443. It is tempera on wood and is a panel artwork, with a main panel accompanied by nine other predella panels although only the main panel remains today. The main panel has an illustration of the enthroned virgin and child with saints and angels surrounding them. There is a curtained panel standing on two pillars overlapping a landscape with trees forming the background (Woods 204). The Merode Altarpiece (The Annunciation) Renaissance artist Robert Campin did this piece in the period 1427 to 1432 and it is currently in the Metropolitan Museum, USA. It oil on oak with three panels. It has a main (center) panel in between two smaller panels. The main panel shows the moment just before the annunciation of Mary. She is sitting on the floor reading a bible and is looking down. To her left is an angel she is not aware of, with an oval table separating them. A small figure of Jesus is flying towards Mary holding a crucifix. The right panel has Saint Joseph in a carpentry workshop where he is making mousetraps with a townscape appearing behind him in an open window. The right panel has two figures called the donors waiting to go inside an open door (Metropolitan Museum of Art). Similarities The scenarios appearing in both paintings depict religious themes. In The San Marco Altarpiece, there is Virgin Mary who is holding baby Jesus around saints and angels, which is a scenario in Christian beliefs. The same case applies in The Merode Altarpiece where the same Virgin Mary is in the same room with an angel and a perception of Jesus flying in. much of the iconography is therefore religious. On another note, both paintings are renaissance panel altarpieces that Italians made in the 1300’s to 1400’s. Altarpieces consist of wooden pan els covered with cloth that is plastered with gesso paste to create a smooth painting surface (D'Elia 19). Both have several panels that make up a complete work under the same theme. Another similarity between the two is the exclusion of the crucifix with Christ on it from the main idea of the picture. According to Casa Santa Pia, the Dominican order of those days only allowed painted or sculpted crucifixes on altarpieces. In The San Marco Altarpiece, Angelico uses a special optical illusion to include the crucifix in the main picture but still it appears as a unique piece on top of the bigger painting. In The Merode Altarpiece, Campin uses an almost similar tactic. The crucifix is not easy to spot but it is in a miniature size above the angel’s head and appears as a small figure (representing Jesus) flying down towards Mary clutching onto a crucifix. There is also a similarity in the use of a single color to highlight subjects in both paintings. In The Merode Altarpiece, the highlight color is red. In the left panel, the color red attracts the eyes to reveal a tiny figure in the extreme background. In the main panel where the most red is, the eye concentrates on

Apache Tribe Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Apache Tribe - Research Paper Example According to Waldman (2006), several Athapaskan-speaking tribes from present-day Western Canada migrated to the southwest region in the 1400s and became known as Apache while in other areas they are called Navajo. Due to their nomadic lifestyle, the Apache sub tribes were identified in different names, mostly according to the geographical regions where the tribes are found. As original inhabitants of North America, these Apachean tribes were known to be the resisting force which opposed Spanish and Mexican occupiers for many years. In this paper, the journey of the various Apachean tribes will be retraced to showcase the struggles and challenges that these tribes went through in the course of history. It will feature the wars that these tribes fought in order to defend their original territory. Also, the Apache way of life will be examined through their religious beliefs, traditions, and social organization. It is important to examine their cultural ways in order to gain a better understanding and appreciation of the indigenous population in North America. Lastly, the examination of today’s Apachean tribe will showcase their presence and coexistence in the modern day America. The word Apache carries a fierce meaning. From the Yuma word, it means â€Å"fighting men† while the Zuni word translates the term Apache to â€Å"enemy†. As such, it is not surprising that the Apacheans were historically powerful tribes which resisted Spanish, Mexican, and later, the Anglo-American colonizers in their homeland. Before the Europeans came, the Apachean tribes were known to be nomadic hunter gatherers who skillfully travelled vast distances and â€Å"literally lived off the land† (De Mayo, 2011). However, the series of armed conflicts started when by the late 1500s when Spanish settlements started to occupy northern Mexico. Since the Spanish conversion of Apacheans did not succeed, these armed conflicts continued until Mexico and New Mexico gained its independence from

Reimbursement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reimbursement - Essay Example Over time, these products have brought about major health challenges to their users ranging from addiction to cancer of the throat and lungs. â€Å" As a result, health expenditure by the government has only been going up without easing.† (Jost, 1). Tobacco companies should help finance the healthcare costs associated with the use of their products. This is because they make profits while the government incurs expenses that could be avoided by simply putting the companies out of business. In order to be appealing to the consumer, companies use enticing words that attract more users. The enticements are in the form of low tar content, mild cigarettes, flavoured cigarettes and misrepresented information on tobacco. This information is widely misleading and depicts the irresponsible nature of tobacco companies, thus, the need to make them accountable for their deeds. These practices are blatantly deceptive, fraudulent, and aimed at misleading active consumers and other potential consumers. This can be done making them refund to the government funds used to treat and cater for tobacco related ailments. Also, tobacco companies go out of their way to make aggressive campaigns to women, youth and minority groups. These funds could, instead, be used in preventing ailments and expenses that result from tobacco use. â€Å"Still on accountability, tobacco companies should reimburse the government because they are the reason that tobacco related ailments are prevalent† (Janofsky, Para. 2). They, therefore, should shoulder the blame for the part they play. Apart from this, tobacco companies, as a result of reimbursement, will have to bare their documents to the public. This will allow scrutiny by the public in order to understand how the tobacco industry functions. It will also expose the malpractices that these companies engage that are outside the normal business rules and standards. Thus, â€Å"...to ensure accountability, tobacco companies should be given a choice to either reimburse the government for healthcare expenses, or conduct anti-tobacco campaigns, which use up the same profits they make† (â€Å"Benefits in Tobacco Deal†, Para. 5). With this, reimbursement promotes transparency in the business where they work towards ridding the country and society of tobacco addicts and especially smokers. In return, the companies provide less reimbursement and make sufficient profits for themselves. Health and financial benefits Reimbursement of the federal government by tobacco companies should be done in order to improve the health of the citizens. It should also be done to reduce the load that the taxpayer has to bear. Calls to reimburse the government have an opportunity to pave the way for the creation of new laws. By passing legislation that controls and regulates the tobacco industry, usage of tobacco and tobacco products will see a decline. This legislation will be very crucial because, the number of people using toba cco products will go down significantly and, thus, those exposed to second hand smoke will also benefit. Of all the people exposed to second-hand smoke, children and pregnant mothers form the bulk. Putting into consideration the effects that cigarette smoke has on children and unborn babies, reimbursement is set to put issues into perspective for tobacco companies. Therefore, reimbursement will promote improved health by reducing occurrences of smoking related

Review#6 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Review#6 - Assignment Example According to this article, in 2050, there will be a point where we have to look at other areas that have thus far remained untouched and determining whether or not that portion of the natural environment that animals and birds live in will be destroyed simply so we have somewhere to grow consumable goods (Cassman). When looking at the article in â€Å"Time Magazine,† the author suggests that this topic of food versus biofuels is hot among environmentalists. Some know that we need the food to survive but using these consumable goods as a source of energy is also environmentally efficient to store up fossil fuels that are non-renewable resources. This article surprisingly suggested that corn as a biofuel is not really as efficient as people believe and that the corn could feed more people than it helps out as a source of energy. An interesting perspective in this article suggests that there could be a plant that is grown that is non-consumable by humans but could be used in place as a biofuel instead. There would then be a balance as suggested by the research that found that switchgrass was a better source of fuel than corn ethanol (Walsh). Looking at both perspectives and understanding what is already known, this is a problem that was addressed in both of these articles, five years ago. The problem has continued and there is still no answer. But who will fund the research to find an alternative? I think that the growing population will continue to the point where we are without enough resources but I do not believe it will occur in my lifetime. However, it is an issue that will be faced in the future and should be thought about

Reimbursement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reimbursement - Essay Example Over time, these products have brought about major health challenges to their users ranging from addiction to cancer of the throat and lungs. â€Å" As a result, health expenditure by the government has only been going up without easing.† (Jost, 1). Tobacco companies should help finance the healthcare costs associated with the use of their products. This is because they make profits while the government incurs expenses that could be avoided by simply putting the companies out of business. In order to be appealing to the consumer, companies use enticing words that attract more users. The enticements are in the form of low tar content, mild cigarettes, flavoured cigarettes and misrepresented information on tobacco. This information is widely misleading and depicts the irresponsible nature of tobacco companies, thus, the need to make them accountable for their deeds. These practices are blatantly deceptive, fraudulent, and aimed at misleading active consumers and other potential consumers. This can be done making them refund to the government funds used to treat and cater for tobacco related ailments. Also, tobacco companies go out of their way to make aggressive campaigns to women, youth and minority groups. These funds could, instead, be used in preventing ailments and expenses that result from tobacco use. â€Å"Still on accountability, tobacco companies should reimburse the government because they are the reason that tobacco related ailments are prevalent† (Janofsky, Para. 2). They, therefore, should shoulder the blame for the part they play. Apart from this, tobacco companies, as a result of reimbursement, will have to bare their documents to the public. This will allow scrutiny by the public in order to understand how the tobacco industry functions. It will also expose the malpractices that these companies engage that are outside the normal business rules and standards. Thus, â€Å"...to ensure accountability, tobacco companies should be given a choice to either reimburse the government for healthcare expenses, or conduct anti-tobacco campaigns, which use up the same profits they make† (â€Å"Benefits in Tobacco Deal†, Para. 5). With this, reimbursement promotes transparency in the business where they work towards ridding the country and society of tobacco addicts and especially smokers. In return, the companies provide less reimbursement and make sufficient profits for themselves. Health and financial benefits Reimbursement of the federal government by tobacco companies should be done in order to improve the health of the citizens. It should also be done to reduce the load that the taxpayer has to bear. Calls to reimburse the government have an opportunity to pave the way for the creation of new laws. By passing legislation that controls and regulates the tobacco industry, usage of tobacco and tobacco products will see a decline. This legislation will be very crucial because, the number of people using toba cco products will go down significantly and, thus, those exposed to second hand smoke will also benefit. Of all the people exposed to second-hand smoke, children and pregnant mothers form the bulk. Putting into consideration the effects that cigarette smoke has on children and unborn babies, reimbursement is set to put issues into perspective for tobacco companies. Therefore, reimbursement will promote improved health by reducing occurrences of smoking related

Reflective Learning and the Reflective Practitioner Essay

Reflective Learning and the Reflective Practitioner - Essay Example My reception at the company was quite good and promising because the company expected a lot from me since I had come from one of the most developed countries; guaranteeing me the opportunity to must have come with more ideas than had been. Due to my most expected exposure, I was taken to the core section of management (operation management) to initiate and help implement strategies that would increase the amount of returns earned from the company’s products. The first challenge, and the most crucial one, was based on the mode of communication. In Kenya English is the official language, while Kiswahili is the national language. Therefore, most people largely used and were fluent in Kiswahili than they were in English. On the contrary, I could only speak English, and a little bit of the French. Other limiting factors were to do with the social and environmental challenges. In the first instances, these factors inhibited my performance to a level that I equally thought that the environment was not fit for me; reason being that it had affected my ability to showcase the benefits to the company. From this, I came to learn that excellent performance in academics does not guarantee a successful performance in the real life situations. As a solution, I had to attend classes on Kiswahili language, socialize and interact more with the local for social acceptance, and change my lifestyle for the purpose of environmental adaptation and

Biographical Analysis of the Crucible Essay Example for Free

Biographical Analysis of the Crucible Essay What lies deep down in the Crucible characters that not everyone can see? The former husband of Marilyn Monroe managed to keep one aspect of his life private from the media for over four decades. Was it because of shame, selfishness, or fear? The Crucible is based on the Salem Witch Trials of 1692. Miller has read all about the Witch Trials, but has never really understood it until he read the book published by Charles W. Upham, the mayor of Salem at that time (â€Å"Why I Wrote The Crucible†). He knew right away that he had to write about that time period. Even though the play provides an accurate representation of the trials, the truth lies in Arthur Miller’s past history. Pursuing this further, Arthur Miller has hidden a life-long secret that recently has come out. When his son, Daniel was born, Miller was very happy, but immediately knew something was wrong. The doctors had diagnosed the baby with Down syndrome. He was the son of Miller’s third wife, Inge Morath. Miller said. â€Å"I’m going to have to put the baby away†, but Inge wanted to keep him (â€Å"Arthur Miller’s Missing Act†). Within days the baby was gone. They sent him to one of the Connecticut institutions for the mentally retarded. Inge went to see him every day, but Arthur never wanted to set eyes on him. Afterwards, nothing was mentioned of Daniel. He was cut out from Miller’s life. Was it because of selfishness, or fear that the world will know? His personal story seems to contradict his theme in The Crucible. Through the character Abigail Williams, we can see that people are willing to give up and abandon their connection with their own values in order to protect themselves. Just as Abigail hid the fact that she had an affair with John Proctor, Arthur Miller has hidden the fact that he also had a brief affair with Marilyn Monroe. Abigail William is the girl who leads this play into disaster. She is most responsible for the meeting in the woods and when Paris finds out, she tries to conceal it as fast as possible, because if she reveals that she has cast a spell on Elizabeth, it will reveal the affair she had with Elizabeth’s  husband, John Proctor. To protect herself from future punishment that may come, she starts to accuse others of witchcraft. By telling lies, that is how she manipulates the whole town into believing that she is innocent (Miller 114-115). Abigail is independent and she knows that nothing is out of her grasp. Once she finds herself attracted to Proctor, she won’t suppress her desires that she wants him. However many times she reviews her memories, the more she is sure that she is the ideal wife for John. The only thing in the way is Elizabeth. Declaring witchcraft among the majority will keep the secret out of reach. She uses this to create fear and intimidation among the townsmen people. The only reason her evil little plan is working is that the girls have got her back. She has threatened them with violence if they refuse to do as she says. â€Å"Now look you. All of you. We danced. And Tituba conjured Ruth Putnam’s dead sisters. And that is all. And mark this. Let either of you breathe a word, or the edge of a word, about the other things, and I will come to you in the black of some terrible night and I will bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder you. †¦ And I can make you wish you had never seen the sun go down!† (Miller 20). In order to get Proctor, she must eliminate Elizabeth and choose her individuals she will accuse wisely. She thinks nothing of the fact that the individuals will be hanged based upon her accusation. When she sees her plan failing, she will react the same by not showing any signs of fear. She has condemned Proctor to hang and flees right away from the town, leaving all the action well behind. John Proctor is the protagonist of the play, while Abigail is the antagonist. One of his flaws is his temper. Proctor leads to shouting and even physical violence. There are occasions in the play where he threatens to whip his wife, servant, and even his ex-mistress, Abigail. He was the average good man, who owned a farm and was respected by everyone he knew. He had three children a good wife to raise a family with and all was well until Abigail came into his life. At first Abigail was the housekeeper, who has quietly come into the life of Proctor. He must have been tempted by her fiery personality, which he cannot resist. This affair only happened, because at that time Elizabeth was sick, which allowed Abigail to make her  first move. John may have also been attracted to Abigail’s personality shown in Act 1. She tells John that the witchcraft isn’t true and that the girls were just having a party with Tituba. â€Å"PROCTOR, his smile widening: Ah, you’re wick ed aren’t y’! You’ll be clapped in the stocks before you’re twenty† (Miller 22). From this line we can conclude that Proctor is charmed by Abigail’s naughty tricks. The temper of John Proctor ties into the anger of Arthur Miller towards the McCarthy hearings. The Crucible relates to the McCarthy hearings, because Arthur Miller claimed to have written The Crucible to criticize the theme, while many people saw the resemblance between the Salem Witch Trials and the McCarthy Hearings. Just like McCarthy, the people of Salem were not interested in facts; instead, they took their hatred towards the people of their community. Miller himself was brought to the House of Un-American Activities Committee and was falsely accused of Communism. (â€Å"Fear as Governance: Arthur Miller The Crucible as Contemporary Reflection†). For the first two acts we see John doing little effect to the play. However, when Act 3 comes into play, he is there to protect his wife. He has three weapons that he can use against the court. First is Abigail’s admission that there was no witchcraft, proof from Mary Warren that the girls were faking, and the fact that he had an affair with Abigail. All this declines in the favor of Abigail. He only ends up ruining his name and getting himself condemned for witchcraft. The only way to save him from being hanged is by admitting that he is with the Devil and that he justifies that he was a bad person anyway. Horror struck when asked to sign his name. By signing his name he believed he will be signing his soul away. Even though, he is so close to being free once again, he refuses to sign his name. He says, â€Å"I do think I see some shred of goodness in John Proctor. Not enough to weave a banner with, but white enough to keep it from such dogs.† (Miller 144). At first we may believe that The Crucible is just a story about witch trials that took place in Salem, but by paying a greater attention to the  minor details we can understand that the book has another meaning to it. Every detail can be connected to Arthur’s personal life.

Impact of Bullying and Interventions

Impact of Bullying and Interventions Kelli Piperata I. Introduction Harassment and bullying in schools is not given the attention that is needed to correct the problem. In the article, Low-Level Violence, A Neglected Aspect of School Culture, David Dupper and Nancy Meyer-Adams bring attention to the issues that students face due to bullying and harassment. In this essay, I will aim to demonstrate the different types of bullying, the impact it has on students and steps that can be taken to implement change within schools to correct these deviant behaviors. II. Bullying in Schools Bullying in schools is a form of harassment that includes psychological and physical deviant behaviors towards other students. Some forms of this bullying include social, physical, cyber and verbal abuse. According to the article, A Neglected Aspect of School Culture, there are different reasons for students being harassed by other students. For females this can be because they are pretty enough, or they are not dressed in the style of clothes that is currently the trending fashion. For boys there can also be multiple reasons for peer harassment such as, not being a part of a sports team and not having certain strengths that other male students may have. III. Other Forms of Harassment Bullying can take on different forms of harassment that is not always by fellow students. Peer sexual harassment is another issue that students face this form of harassment is mostly directed to the female student. Unwanted sexual comments, spreading rumors, grabbing a student, sexual jokes and gestures are some of the common forms of sexual harassment. Moreover, these actions can make a student self-conscious, uncomfortable and embarrassed, and not want to attend classes. A bigger issue with peer sexual harassment is that many students that are perpetuating these acts feel that they are not doing anything wrong, that it is a part of school life. Another disturbing issue is that there are teachers and personnel who witness these acts and yet they do nothing to reprimand the students that are partaking in these deviant acts. Another form of bullying can be directly attributed from teachers. This is a psychological form of abuse; however, it has been taken to physical levels as well. Teachers are in a position of authority and sometimes that authority role has taken advantage of by the teacher. There have been incidences of teachers mistreating students by using fear mongering tactics that include yelling, threatening, and embarrassing students in front of others. In addition, there are some cases where teachers also physically battered students by hitting them or grabbing them forcefully. The sexual orientation of students seems to be one of the prime targets of harassment by fellow peers. A student who is gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender often are targets of homophobic fears of others. There is often physical and verbal out lashes towards these students, and often teachers and faculty do nothing to intervene or protect the victims in these situations. According to the reading, many times teachers, guidance counselors harbor the same feelings and may also act out on these feelings in the same manner as the students perpetrating these acts. Religious, cultural and racial bullying are also forms of harassment seen in schools. Students that do not share the same dominant religious ideologies can be targeted and ridiculed by other peers and persons of authority. Additionally, cultural differences are also a problem for students. Students and teachers who believe that the culture of others is perhaps weird or wrong are looking at it from a perspective of ethnocentrism. Furthermore, racism is also a part of bullying. Individuals who see someone that does not share the same skin color or has dissimilar features and reflect these notions onto other students is racial intimidation. VI. How Does Harassment Affect Students Students are affected in numerous ways due to low-level violence. In some cases, harassment can cause a student to take their own life, in other cases these victims can pushed so far that they retaliate and cause extreme harm upon others. Although taking their own life or inflicting harm on others may be extreme, they still in fact happen. However, there are less extreme implecations that are much more common for victims of bullying. Some of these effects may shape the rest of their lives, such as low-self-esteem and students dropping out of school. Additionally, students that are harassed may withdraw from their studies and feel isolated from social activities. This in effect hurts students outcomes on their grades as well as their overall experiences both socially and academically. Hazler (1994) stated that: [T]heir grades may suffer because their attention is being drawn away from learning. Being repeatedly victimized may push even good kids to extremes, such as starting fights or bringing weapons to school to exact vengeance on their tormentors, [and] even students and adults who are witnesses are affected [in that] they must deal with the lowered self-esteem and loss of control that accompanies feeling unsafe and unable to take action. The result is children and adults who do all they can to avoid recognizing when someone else is being hurt. V. How to Implement Change There are a number of ways to implement change within the school systems. One way is for parents, teachers and faculty members to not tolerate these types of behaviors. When they witness an individual bullying or harassing a student they should intervene and take the appropriate actions to stop this from reoccurring. In addition, teachers and faculty members should attend workshops that are properly educating professionals on how to deescalate and handle these situations. Overall, the change must come from the culture within the school, in order to achieve this, school should embrace and promote diversity, positive reinforcements and a no tolerance approach towards individuals who choose to perpetuate acts of bullying and harassment. VI. Conclusion Bullying and harassment is a growing problem within schools that is not being addressed properly. Students are not the only ones that are perpetrating these acts, school faculty are sometimes also ones that are guilty of these behaviors. The victims of low-level-violence are often faced with negative and lifelong impacts including low-self-esteem and sometimes victims seek out retaliation against their perpetrators. There are ways to implement change and create a diverse atmosphere for schools but certain guidelines, techniques and procedures need to be put in place for faculty and teachers. References David R. Dupper, Nancy Meyer-Adams. Low-Level Violence, A Neglected Aspect of School Culture. Jeanne H. Ballantine, Joan Z. Spade. Schools and Society. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications, 2015. 200-208. Print.

Toxic Effects of Aluminum and Their Probable Association with Dialysis

Toxic Effects of Aluminum and Their Probable Association with Dialysis Encephalopathy Reports on the neurotoxic properties of Aluminum (Al++), as well as those of many other heavy metals, date as far back as the end of the nineteenth century. In 1965, Al was found to induce the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in animal brains. These NFT’s were similar to those found in brains of patients suffering from Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Vast research thus, was targeted at defining the possible etiologic role of Al in AD. However, several findings, among them the fact that Al++ induced NFT’s are structurally different than those found in AD, have contributed to reducing the importance placed on Al++ as an etiologic factor of AD. The Al++ theory, however, still remains a theory, and further research needs to be done before it can be disproved. In 1970, Alfrey and collaborators described a disease called dialysis encephalopathy (DE). This degenerative disease was seen in renal failure patients who had been undergoing dialysis. Studies following this initial report have implicated Al++ intoxication as a probable cause for the development of the disease. The purpose of this paper will be to describe the possible mechanisms by which Al may in fact act as a contributory factor the in induction of neural degeneration that may lead to DE. The neurological problems associated with chronic renal failure and its consequent treatment, namely hemodialysis, can be either acute or chronic. When acute, the patient develops a set of symptoms collectively referred to as dialysis disequilibrium syndrome (DDS). This syndrome presents with a transient loss or alteration of the sense of equilibrium due to disturbances to the vestibular sy... ...on, G., Cogdill, K., Jope, R. Oral Aluminum Alters In Vitro Protein Phosphorylation and Kinase Activities in Rat Brain. Neurobiology of Aging, 11: 209-16 (1990). 5) Johnson, G., Li, X., Jope, R. Aluminum Increases Agonist Stimulated Cyclic AMP Production in Rat Cerebral Cortical Slices. Journal of Neurochemistry, 53: 258-63 (1989). 6) Kerr, D., Ward, M., Ellis, H., Simpson, W. Aluminum Intoxication in Renal Disease. CIBA-Found-Symposium, 169: 123-41 (1992). 7) Langui, D., Probst, A., Anderton, B. Aluminum Induced Tangles in Cultured Rat Neurons. Acta Neuropathol., 80: 649-55 (1990). 8) Meiri, H., Banin, E., Roll, M., Rousseau, A. Toxic Effects of Aluminum on Nerve Cells and Synaptic Transmission. Progress in Neurobiology, 40: 89-121 (1993). 9) Wisniewski, H., Wen, G. Aluminum and Alzheimer’s Disease. CIBA-Found-Symposium, 169: 142-64 (1992). Toxic Effects of Aluminum and Their Probable Association with Dialysis Toxic Effects of Aluminum and Their Probable Association with Dialysis Encephalopathy Reports on the neurotoxic properties of Aluminum (Al++), as well as those of many other heavy metals, date as far back as the end of the nineteenth century. In 1965, Al was found to induce the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in animal brains. These NFT’s were similar to those found in brains of patients suffering from Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Vast research thus, was targeted at defining the possible etiologic role of Al in AD. However, several findings, among them the fact that Al++ induced NFT’s are structurally different than those found in AD, have contributed to reducing the importance placed on Al++ as an etiologic factor of AD. The Al++ theory, however, still remains a theory, and further research needs to be done before it can be disproved. In 1970, Alfrey and collaborators described a disease called dialysis encephalopathy (DE). This degenerative disease was seen in renal failure patients who had been undergoing dialysis. Studies following this initial report have implicated Al++ intoxication as a probable cause for the development of the disease. The purpose of this paper will be to describe the possible mechanisms by which Al may in fact act as a contributory factor the in induction of neural degeneration that may lead to DE. The neurological problems associated with chronic renal failure and its consequent treatment, namely hemodialysis, can be either acute or chronic. When acute, the patient develops a set of symptoms collectively referred to as dialysis disequilibrium syndrome (DDS). This syndrome presents with a transient loss or alteration of the sense of equilibrium due to disturbances to the vestibular sy... ...on, G., Cogdill, K., Jope, R. Oral Aluminum Alters In Vitro Protein Phosphorylation and Kinase Activities in Rat Brain. Neurobiology of Aging, 11: 209-16 (1990). 5) Johnson, G., Li, X., Jope, R. Aluminum Increases Agonist Stimulated Cyclic AMP Production in Rat Cerebral Cortical Slices. Journal of Neurochemistry, 53: 258-63 (1989). 6) Kerr, D., Ward, M., Ellis, H., Simpson, W. Aluminum Intoxication in Renal Disease. CIBA-Found-Symposium, 169: 123-41 (1992). 7) Langui, D., Probst, A., Anderton, B. Aluminum Induced Tangles in Cultured Rat Neurons. Acta Neuropathol., 80: 649-55 (1990). 8) Meiri, H., Banin, E., Roll, M., Rousseau, A. Toxic Effects of Aluminum on Nerve Cells and Synaptic Transmission. Progress in Neurobiology, 40: 89-121 (1993). 9) Wisniewski, H., Wen, G. Aluminum and Alzheimer’s Disease. CIBA-Found-Symposium, 169: 142-64 (1992).

Art Review

IJerry Saltz takes into consideration how Fischer uses materials that contrast in order to stimulate a mood similar to the mood evoked by a variety of places such as â€Å"the sacredness of churces, the austerity of courtrooms and the mysteriousness of research laboratories† (Saltz, 2007). The utilization of brown earth and stark white walls lends a very erotic energy to this piece; viewing the gallery is an exhilarating experience because the gallery itself is the artwork. Saltz also cites the various inspirations of Fischer's work; he mentions several names. For instance, Saltz says that Fischer’s â€Å"extraordinary gesture touches on the tradition of indoor earthworks that includes pieces from the sixties and seventies by Gordon Matta-Clark, Robert Smithson, Walter De Maria, Michael Heizer, Chris Burden, and others† (2007). Saltz also likens Fischer's work to something â€Å"unmoored† like a Tiepolo or a Corregio painting (2007). For Saltz, the greatest significance of You is the way it defies conventions. Over the years, Gavin Brown's Enterprise has been a venue for artists' exhibitions such as Chris Ofili, Jake and Dino Chapman, Piotr Uklanski, and Anselm Reyle (2007). Previous exhibitions make artworks look like â€Å"products lined up for sale† but You is a kind of a â€Å"warning sign† because â€Å"it makes fun of these conventions† (2007). This writer agrees with Saltz in that sense because for many people, it is quite a surprise to encounter a gallery that is an artwork in itself. Appreciating You is a thrilling experience it gives the viewer an â€Å"I-can-see-everything† feeling (2007). The viewer feels like he or she is indoors and outdoors at the same time. For the art review essay, this writer will use the effect of the materials and the treatment of landscape and space in contributing a certain mood. Also, this writer will use the composition of the design.

Research and Account Essay

Two carers were moving a service user from a bed to a chair using a hoist. they placed the hoist sling underneath the service user and then attached it to the hoist. Whilst the hoist was stationary one carer turned away to pick up the service users slippers and as a result the service user fell forward to the ground. The service user suffered wounds on their scalp and bruising to their head. The service user was taken to hospital but passed away 10 days later. It was found that the sling loop fixings were wrongly adjusted and a safety pommel was not used. In this report the carers were lacking in training and guidance to use the hoist from the company they worked for. One carer was not focused on the task of the service user being in hoist as she took on another task to get the slippers which meant she wasn’t aware of what the service user was doing. If the correct equipment was used and adjusted properly then that would have prevented the fall and death of this service user. When assisting a service user with a task whether it be small or large we always need to carry out the task using the correct equipment, and the correct members of staff to be present. Also our full attention should be on the task at all times and aware of what the service user is doing and what is happening around them. if not doing so then this could result in the service user falling or being injured and equipment could be damaged. Carers should always carry out a visual check of the equipment prior to using and if a problem arises should not be used and reported to the relevant person. Report 2 Michael Shorthouse suffered from Down’s Syndrome, learning difficulties and dementia. He moved into Cedars Care Home in May 2007 but, despite he’s families pleas over he’s treatment, within five months his health had deteriorated so much he had to be admitted to hospital. Whilst in hospital doctors found that he was seriously dehydrated, had developed acute kidney problems and pressure sores, and had aspiration pneumonia, which is an inflammation of the lungs caused by breathing in foreign material like food or liquids. Michael Shorthouse’s condition improved once he had been transferred to hospital and then moved into a different nursing home, but later died in 2010. Cedars Care Home was reported to Social Services and the Safeguarding Adults Office (SAO) which investigated and found that there had been overall neglect in the care given to Michael. Two years after Michael was admitted to hospital, the care home hadn’t improved and was given a zero- star rating in a Care Quality Commission inspection.

A Pestle Analysis of Tourism Industry Essay

Using the PESTEL framework, identify and discuss the key factors in the macro environment that influence the tourism industry. Political: A large influence on the tourism industry can be the stability of government. If the government in unstable it can be viewed as dangerous and unpleasant to visit. This can have a huge impact on that countries tourism numbers. Some governments also choose to make shopping tax-free for tourists, as tourists have the right to claim back VAT (Value-Added Tax)/GST (Goods and Services Tax). By making shopping in foreign countries tax free it has attracted tourists to these countries. As stated in case one terrorist attacks in 2001 had a huge impact on the tourism industry. People were worried for their safety so were much more subdued to travel. Therefore it has been important that the government implemented tighter security and immigration laws. Economic: Exchange rates can have an impact on tourism, as when currency strengthens or weakens it can affect spending overseas. For instance when the British pound is strong against the U.  S dollar it influences Britons to travel overseas to the US, as they get more for their dollar. However it has a negative effect on UK tourism as the Americans are put off travelling to the UK and instead look to holiday in locations within the US (The Guardian, 2007). With the British Pound still being strong against other currencies this is relevant to the Tourism Industry today. (Rates List, 2012) Interest rates can too have an effect on the tourism industry. If interest rates increase payments to loans also increase, therefore people who have loans consequently have less disposable income. With less disposable income people are less inclined to spend it on luxury items, like holidaying. However, in the current state interest rates in the UK are expected to stay low (0. 5%), due to the on-going recovery from the Eurozone crisis (BBC, 2012). Furthermore with the current economic recession people are still struggling, some even to hold down jobs. Consequently, people have less money and can’t afford such extravagant holidays, like going overseas for long periods of time. Therefore shorter and cheaper holidays look far more appealing, for instance travelling by car just for a weekend. Social: There is an aging population in many countries. With an aging population the needs of the market will change. People who are in a later time of their life have different needs and wants. There are more and more people who are in their later years who want to travel, to cater for this it may mean advertising focused more on comfort and relaxation rather than thrill ridden activities. There is an ever increasing attitude for positivity towards ‘going green’. People are purposely searching to only buy products from companies with sustainable practises in place. Hence, it is important for the tourism industry to take on these attitudes as well, as it is becoming an important part of our society today to have environmental policies incorporated into everyday business practises The Asian population is increasing at a rapid pace. There are 3. 9billion people in Asia, which is 60% of the world’s population. As stated in the 2010/11 ITB World Travel Trends Report, â€Å"By 2020, the number of Chinese outbound travellers could double and the number of Indians travelling abroad could grow fivefold. This would raise both countries within a decade to the top six outbound markets worldwide. This shows just how quick China and India are becoming powerful players in the tourism industry. Technological: In our world today new technologies are forever being made to be faster and more efficient as people want things to take less and less time. Internet has made a huge influence on the tourism industry. There has been a steady incline of online sales. For example in 2005 online bookings for TUI were 15%, which had doubled in 2008 to 30% (Viardot, 2009). Booking online has made it much easier for individuals to book their own holidays. As well that with online bookings it allows for the customers to do their own research of where the best places for them to go is, rather than using a travel agent. Secondly, technologies are so advanced now that communicating with people around the globe is made much easier. For instance, people on opposite sides of the world can chat easily, possibly even to strangers. This leads to the new trend that people can blog and communicate their thoughts to millions of people with a simple click of a button. This new way of communicating can have a huge impact on the tourism industry. People all over the world are sharing their thoughts and feelings about everything they do, whether that’s a new product or an exciting new experience. Environmental: In this current decade environmental concerns have greatly became a huge influence in all business industries. Aviation is a large part of tourism. Sadly it is also a huge contributor to CO2 emissions. An increase in carbon emissions is a major threat to climate conditions. Consequently there have been more taxes placed on air travel. This increase in taxes will raise the prices of flying therefore could discourage people to go abroad. Natural disasters can also affect a country’s tourism. People are less likely to travel somewhere which is viewed as dangerous and secondly the disaster could ruin tourist attractions. Legal: There are a lot of laws and regulations regarding aviation safety (Department of travel, 2009). Following regulations is important as to ensure everything is done to prevent any problems. As if people lose faith in airlines being safe it could have an impact on tourism. Another legal point is that when companies merge or work with companies in different countries they need to be aware of the laws and regulations overseas.

Business Plan (Financial Part) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Plan (Financial Part) - Essay Example These are powerful tools since these would contain a summary of the services that the office would render. With this plan, the owner budgeted for the design and production of the materials on a quarterly basis. An agency will be outsourced to fulfill this requirement. CFL would also be utilizing Search Engine Optimization, thus the budget to be allocated for the creation and hosting of its website. The creation of a web site would only be one-time and any change to the website would essentially be just minor ones and would not entail too much costs. Print ads would also be produced to support the above-mentioned marketing plans and also to reach the market who are heavy users of this medium. A monthly print advertisement shall be implemented in two major dailies in Cyprus. The budgetary requirements have been spread all throughout the first year of operations to be able to determine the needed cash flow. Targets on the number of needed accounts to cover for all operational costs have also been determined. These targets must be adhered to by the account managers to ensure smooth operations of the company. The 50,000 pounds start-up capital shall not be used up 100% for the first month, but instead, only 25% of which shall be spent on the perceived operational requirements./The rest shall be treated as savings and would only be used as needed. The cash flow has been planned to ensure that the projected income shall cover for the projected costs. The targeted number of projects and clients has been identified for the rest of the operational year. This is to ensure that all operational costs shall be covered for and that there would be as little deficit as can be should the plans do not materialize. The budget requirements are definitely lower than the projected income. The company plans to adhere to this budget plan to ensure that the office, at the very least, breaks even. However, as such a business is bound to

Information Systems Development from a Semiotic Point of View Essay

Information Systems Development from a Semiotic Point of View - Essay Example Likewise, the design and analysis of information systems involves development of signs (digital codes) and a translation of these signs to some level of construct. The semiotic principles help in understanding the representation of information through some data and a better understanding of the information through appropriate interpretation. It is also important to understand that changes occur in the settings in which these information systems are used similar to the applications of signs at different settings. This paper focuses on semiotics as it applies to information system development. The development and growth of semiotics The development of this field of study is greatly attributed to a Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913) and an American pragmatist Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914) (About.com, 2012). Other theorists have made significant contribution towards the development of modern semiotics. Some of these are Roland Barthes (1915-1980), Algirdas Greimas (191 7-1992), Umberto Eco (b.1932), and Julia Kristeva (b.1941) among other theorists (Chandlers, n.d). The individuals worked independently to understand how meaning is developed from the structures that are used. Saussure developed a two-part model of sign that consists of a signifier (the sign) and the signified (the concept that is represented by the sign). The agreed practice enables the meaning to be derived. A sign is, thus, a ‘recognizable combination of a signifier with a particular signified’ (Chandlers, n.d). According to Saussure, there is no relationship between the signifier of a meaning (words or symbols) and the actual meaning (About.com). The framework of the model developed by Saussure provides the famous difference that has been observed between language and speech.... This essay stresses that telecommunication systems, process control systems, environmental control systems, and command and control systems are some of the common information systems in businesses. Business organizations need information systems to communicate to their customers, suppliers, or the shareholders whereas governments need the systems to provide services to its citizens at low costs. In either case, the accuracy, validity, and reliability of information are essential. This paper makes a conclusion that the development of information systems applies theories and principles derived from semiotics. Computer-based information system is described as ‘a sign system embedded in an artifact with action capabilities for organizational purposes’. Semiotics concerns signs and interpretation of their meanings. Likewise, the design and analysis of information systems involves development of signs and a translation of these signs to some level of construct. The semiotic principles help in understanding the representation of information through some data and a better understanding of the information through appropriate interpretation. It is also important to understand that changes occur in the settings in which these information systems are used similar to the applications of signs at different settings. Generally, the development of information systems is derived largely from methods and theories in semiotics. Semiotics is the study of the nature of signs and the laws governing the interpretation of these signs.