Organizational Culture And Corporate Social Responsibility...

Introduction The main purpose of this research is to create a link between Organizational Culture and Corporate Social Responsibility. The Organization Culture and the Corporate Social Responsibility affair is a subject every business talks about and I have done my research on Google analysing and finding the correlation between Corporate Social Responsibility and Organizational Culture. Google supports so many people to find information and stay alert of the news. Within couple of years Google has become the world’s number one website for everyone around the world. This paper mainly observes this information: 1.Introduction 2.Literature Review 3.Methodology 4.Findings 5.Conclusions and implications 6.References 2. Literature Review ‘’Organizational culture influences how members view the world in which their organization exists. It includes implicit, shared values, beliefs, and behavioural norms about how the world works, what is human nature, how work is or should be organized and on what criteria decisions should be made’’.‘’Social responsibility in the final analysis implies a public posture toward society s economic and human resources and a willingness to see that those resources are used for broad social ends and not simply for the narrowly circumscribed interests of private persons and firms’’(McGuire,2004,p.56). According to Want (2003) organizational culture helps to success of the organization by doing human resources, customer services, marketing andShow MoreRelatedEnrons Ethical Dilemma1118 Words   |  4 Pagesfinancial statements. While these problems are not only attributed to organizational issues, accounting firms are also blamed for such incidents. Enrons bankruptcy is mainly attributed to ethical and moral issues experienced by the firms management and leadership in relation to preparation of financial statements. Even though Enrons heydays have come to an ended, the ethical dilemma provides lessons that will last long in light of corporate values and ethical issues. Learning Objectives: Since EnronsRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility779 Words   |  4 Pagesto: Professor Celso D. Torreon Corporate Social Responsibility Corporate Social Responsibility * Organizational Culture is the behavior of humans who are part of an organization and the meanings that the people attach to their actions. Culture includes the organization values, visions, norms, working language, systems, symbols, beliefs and habits. It is also the pattern of such collective behaviors and assumptions that are taught to new organizational members as a way of perceiving, andRead MoreFailure Of Responsible Management : Enron Corporation1645 Words   |  7 Pagesethics and social corporate responsibility, leadership, planning, and organization culture. Enron would be read as the demise not just of one firm, but relate to entire economic model’ (Henwood. 2005, p. 33). The Enron case reflects many responsibility management issues; such as they are how to establish ethics standards, corporate social responsibility, and leadership function for firm. From Enron case people should understand that leader to run an organization could not without responsibility managementRead MoreThe Bureaucratic Approaches Of Leadership1525 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Leadership is the process of directing, controlling, motivating, and inspiring staff towards the realization of stated organizational goals.† (Clegg, Kornberger Pitsis 2011, p. 126). The bureaucratic approaches of leadership were task performance alone, however, post-bureaucratic approaches are now focused on employee participation, satisfaction and transformation. â€Å"Ethics is understood as reflecting on and recommending concepts of right and wrong behaviour† (Clegg, Kornberger Pitsis 2011, pRead MoreTransformation Is Run By Ceo Carole Anne Hilton1551 Words   |  7 Pagescommunity de velopment and the social and economic capacity among First Nations communities. Their entire development and business goal is to establish governing structures, managing systems, and business development for First Nations people in order to establish a bright and structured future. Transformation is run by CEO Carole Anne Hilton who is driven by her ancestry and her passion to help struggling people. Hilton built the company off of the foundation of social and economic needs. ConventionallyRead MoreOrganizational Culture Through Csr Initiatives Are Tentree And Nike Essay1183 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational culture refers to the shared set of beliefs, expectations and values that influence how individuals and groups interact with one another to achieve collective organizational goals (Jones, George, amp; Haddad, 2016, p. 21). A company’s corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives can directly reflect organizational culture and the voluntary implementation of these beliefs, expectations and values. It demonstrates their organizational reputability, especially if society benefitsRead MoreServant Leadership1076 Words   |  5 PagesServant-leadership utilizes personal, rather than position power, to influence followers and achieve organizational objectives. 6. Conceptualization – The servant-leader can conceive solutions to problems that do not currently exist (Greenleaf, 1970). 7. Foresight – â€Å"Prescience, or foresight, is a better than average guess about what is going to happen when in the future† (Greenleaf, 1970). 8. Stewardship – Organizational stewards, or ‘trustees’ are concerned not only for the individual followers within theRead MoreThe BreadTalk Group Essay653 Words   |  3 PagesGroup, 2014). Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is an ability to evaluate and initiate things independently to be responsible for the organization’s effects on both social well-being and environment issues. It may involve short-term costs that mostly apply to the company’s effort to develop positive environmental and social changes. Companies that are involved in CSR have major funds reserved for environmental programs and they devote time, effort and financial support for social well-being thatRead MoreRole Of Hrm Over The Period Of Time1495 Words   |  6 PagesThe report is an amalgamation of three patches of which, first, is a journal review of two human resources related articles: â€Å"Extending the Scope of Organisational Culture: the External Perception or an Internal Phenomenon† (MacIntosh and Doherty, 2007) and â€Å"Organisational Culture: An exploratory study comparing faculties’ perspectives within public and private universities in Malaysia† (Ramachandran, Ching and Ismail, 2010). This journal review is concluded by a reflection wherein the scholar expressesRead MoreOrganizational Culture And Ethical Values1604 Words   |  7 Pagesthere is a culture practiced in that organization. Different organizations have different cultures. A culture of an organization defines how that particular organization manages itself as well as treats its customers if it is a business. An organizational culture is basically developed within an organization and all the staffs or workers of an organization are usually conversant with the culture of the organization they work for. Ethical values are also part of organizational culture. Ethics are

The Life and Work of the Ancient Greek Poet, Homer

Homer was the most important and earliest of the Greek and Roman writers. Greeks and Romans didnt count themselves educated unless they knew his poems. His influence was felt not only on literature but on ethics and morality via lessons from his masterpieces. He is the first source to look for information on Greek myth and religion. Yet, despite his prominence, we have no firm evidence that he ever lived. Homer and Hesiod have ascribed to the gods all things that are a shame and a disgrace among mortals, stealing and adulteries and deceiving on one another.—Xenophanes (a Pre-Socratic philosopher) The Life of the Blind Bard Because Homer performed and sang he is called a bard. He is thought to have been blind, and so is known as the blind bard, just as Shakespeare, calling on the same tradition, is known as the bard of Avon. The name Homer, which is an unusual one for the time, is thought to mean either blind or captive. If blind, it may have to do more with the portrayal of the Odyssean blind bard called Phemios than the poems composer. Homers Birthplaces and Date There are multiple cities in the ancient Greek world that lay the prestigious claim of being the birthplace of Homer. Smyrna is one of the most popular, but Chios, Cyme, Ios, Argos, and Athens are all in the running. The Aeolian cities of Asia Minor are most popular; outliers include Ithaca and Salamis. Plutarch provides a choice of Salamis, Cyme, Ios, Colophon, Thessaly, Smyrna, Thebes, Chios, Argos, and Athens, according to a table showing ancient authors who provided biographical information on Homer, in Lives of Homer (Continued), by T. W. Allen; The Journal of Hellenic Studies, Vol. 33, (1913), pp. 19-26. Homers death is less controversial, Ios being the overwhelming favorite. Since its not even clear that Homer lived, and since we dont have a fix on the location, it should come as no surprise that we dont know when he was born. He is generally considered to have come before Hesiod. Some thought him a contemporary of Midas (Certamen). Homer is said to have had two daughters (generally, the symbolic ones of the Iliad and the Odyssey), and no sons, according to West [citation below], so the Homeridai, who are referred to as Homers followers and rhapsodes themselves, cant really claim to be descendants, although the idea has been entertained. The Trojan War Homers name will always be linked with the Trojan War because Homer wrote about the conflict between Greeks and Trojans, known as the Trojan War, and the return voyages of the Greek leaders. He is credited with telling the whole story of the Trojan War, but that is false. There were plenty of other writers of what is called the epic cycle who contributed details not found in Homer. Homer and the Epic Homer is the first and greatest writer of the Greek literary form known as epic and so its in his work that people look for information about the poetic form. Epic was more than a monumental story, although it was that. Since bards sang stories from memory, they needed and used many helpfully mnemonic, rhythmic, poetic techniques that we find in Homer. Epic poetry was composed using a rigorous format.   Major Works Credited to Homer - Some in Error Even if the name isnt his, a figure we think of as Homer is considered by many to be the writer of the Iliad, and possibly the Odyssey, although there are stylistic reasons, like inconsistencies, to debate whether one person wrote both. An inconsistency that resonates for me is that Odysseus uses a spear in The Iliad, but is an extraordinary archer in the Odyssey. He even describes his bow prowess demonstrated at Troy [source: Notes on the Trojan War, by Thomas D. Seymour, TAPhA 1900, p. 88.]. Homer is sometimes credited, although less credibly, with the Homeric Hymns. Currently, scholars think these must have been written more recently than the Early Archaic period (aka the Greek Renaissance), which is the era in which the greatest Greek epic poet is thought to have lived. IliadOdysseyHomeric Hymns Homers Major Characters In Homers Iliad, the lead character is the quintessential Greek hero, Achilles. The epic states that it is the story of the wrath of Achilles. Other important characters of the Iliad are the leaders of the Greek and Trojan sides in the Trojan War, and the highly partisan, human-seeming gods and goddesses—the deathless ones. In The Odyssey, the lead character is the title character, the wily Odysseus. Other major characters include the family of the hero and the goddess Athena. Perspective Although Homer is thought to have lived in the early Archaic Age, the subject matter of his epics is the earlier, Bronze Age, Mycenaean era. Between then and when Homer may have lived there was a dark age. Therefore Homer is writing about a period about which there is not a substantial written record. His epics give us a glimpse of this earlier life and social hierarchy, although it is important to realize that Homer is a product of his own times, when the polis (city-state) was beginning, as well as the mouthpiece for stories handed down the generations, and so details may not be true to the era of the Trojan War. The Voice of the World In his poem, The Voice of the World, the 2nd-century Greek poet Antipater of Sidon, best known for writing about the Seven Wonders (of the ancient world), praises Homer to the skies, as can be seen in this public domain translation from the Greek Anthology: The herald of the prowess of heroes and the interpreter of the immortals, a second sun on the life of Greece, Homer, the light of the Muses, the ageless mouth of all the world, lies hid, O stranger, under the sea-washed sand.   Sources Reading Homer through Oral Tradition, by John Miles Foley;  College Literature, Vol. 34, No. 2, Reading Homer in the 21st Century (Spring, 2007).The Invention of Homer, by M. L. West;  The Classical Quarterly, New Series, Vol. 49, No. 2 (1999), pp. 364-382.

The Alaska Lng Project, A Pipeline - 984 Words

I am writing to you in response to the proposed Alaska LNG project, a pipeline that stretches from the North Slope to the small community of Nikiski, Alaska, that you are currently supporting as chairman of the Senate Energy and Natural resources committee (Alex Martinson, 2015). Please realize that I am not an expert in this matter but simply a concerned citizen who would regret to know that negative environmental and community effects would result from the construction of facilities associated with a natural gas pipeline and production. Allow me to start by saying that this state and the Kenai Peninsula community, are very important to me. I have lived in Nikiski, Alaska for the past 11 years, and I would sincerely hate to see this community and state polluted by large scale LNG production and transportation if it could be avoided. I also realize the positive economic outcome for the state of Alaska as well as the U.S. as a whole. However, do these fiscal gains constitute enough incentive to potentially disrupt natural environments and put Alaska’s citizens at risk? Consider the Trans-Alaska Pipeline and crude oil transportation that is currently in place from the North Slope to the Valdez Marine Terminal. Many oil spills have occurred since it began transportation in 1977 such as the one that occurred in 2006 that went undetected for days resulting in 267,000 gallons of crude oil escaping into the environment (Barringer, 2006). Also, in 1989, the Exxon Valdez oil spillShow MoreRelatedThe Natural Gas Of Gas Essay1972 Words   |  8 PagesLiquefied natural gas (LNG) is an odorless, colorless, non-toxic, non-corrosive and non-flammable form of methane. â€Å"The first liquefied natural gas plant was built in West Virginia in 1912† (Dominion). The LNG was first produced in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1939. In the 1950s and 1960s, the ocean-going trade in international LNG began. In 1969, the first LNG terminal and commercial liquefaction facility in the world in the United States began operations in Kenai, Alaska. The Kenai Peninsula LNG plant, ope ratedRead MoreMultimodal Transport4849 Words   |  20 Pagestransport operator. It developed with the container revolution, initiated in the late 50 s by Malcom McLean and his trucking operations. Possible multimodal combinations include rail-highway, ocean highway, rail-waterway, highway-waterway, pipeline-rail, and pipeline highway. Combinations of three modes are, of course, also possible. Air-highway combinations have proved successful and profitable. Also there is growing interest in developing air-highway-rail combinations. EMERGENCE OF CONTAINER TECHNOLOGY Read MoreConoco Phillips Strategic Management4842 Words   |  20 Pagesunconventional oils sand investments while limiting their investment in natural gas. ConocoPhillips will invest over $16 billion of capital annually over the next several years. 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In 1935, it became the  Anglo-Iranian Oil Company  and in 1954  British Petroleum.[12][13]  In 1959, the company expanded beyond the Middle East to Alaska and in 1965 it was the first company to strike oil in the  North Sea. British Petroleum acquired majority control of  Standard Oil of Ohio  in 1978. Formerly majority state-owned, the British government privatised the company in stages between 1979 andRead MoreWhat Ores Are Considered to Be Non-Renewable Resources?9442 Words   |  38 Pagesof the swamps was covered by layers of water and dirt, trapping the energy of the dead plants. The heat and pressure from the top layers helped the plant remains turn into what we today call coal. Source: National Energy Education Development Project (Public Domain) Types of Coal Coal is classified into four main types, or ranks (anthracite, bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite), depending on the amounts and types of carbon it contains and on the amount of heat energy it can produce. The rankRead MoreBp Amoco7965 Words   |  32 Pages9-201-054 REV : M A Y 4, 2010 B ENJA M IN E ST Y M ICHA EL K A NE BP Amoco (A): Policy Statement on the Use of Project Finance As two of the largest oil and gas firms in the world, The British Petroleum Company p.l.c. (BP) and Amoco Corporation (Amoco) had a long history of competitive encounters. This rivalry continued into the 1990s in a variety of locations ranging from the United States to the North Sea to, more recently, the Caspian Sea—a region that had opened up to exploration by WesternRead MoreBp Sustainability Essay28986 Words   |  116 Pages– while avoiding climate change 30 Safety A systematic approach to safety group-wide; our safety record in the US; and how we aim to prevent oil spills, accidents and fatalities 34 Environment Managing our environmental impacts from project start to ï ¬ nish; a local focus on issues, including water management; and how we respond to oil spills 38 Society Working to provide a positive socio-economic impact in the countries where we operate; and ï ¬ ghting corruption 41 Our approachRead MoreCompany Valuation Report for Bp20320 Words   |  82 Pagesthe company actually pays out dividends. However, it must be recognized that not all companies pay out dividends despite experiencing positive growth rate. In fact, some companies actually retain these earnings to invest in high Net Present Value projects. Despite so, the DDM are useful when used to evaluate well-established firms whom are in the mature phase of their life cycle. In this case, the dividends are expected to follow a constant growth rate (g) shown in the following equation: PV0 =

Discuss the Changing Urban Dynamics of One City Selected...

Sydney, centrally located on the eastern coast, is Australia’s largest and most influential city. Its multicultural nature, advanced infrastructure, state of the art technologies, scale of foreign investment and architectural ingenuity not only make for a highly desired international tourist destination but are all compelling evidence to suggest that Sydney is in fact an established city of the developed world. As in any developed city, there are a myriad of urban dynamics of change at work that have, and will continue to evolve the morphology of the Australian metropolis. The Greater Sydney Metropolitan Region (GSMR) is one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world. Its wide-ranging spatial articulation extends from Wollongong in†¦show more content†¦One of the major recommendations of the strategy was to increase housing densities, that is, urban consolidation. Even with a policy of urban consolidation, Sydney has continued to expand rapidly into the rural-urban fringe as new suburbs are continually being established. It can also be argued that urban consolidation has only been moderately effective in Sydney as population density remains fairly low for such a large city. For these reasons, it can be seen that the city’s urban consolidation strategies may need to be reviewed. Over a period of time, parts of cities tend to decay in the sense that they are not as modern as other parts or they have simply been neglected. This may include disused factories, railway yards and dockyard areas as well as residential areas. This process is known as urban decay and effected areas are often referred to as ‘blighted zones’ of the city. In the case of Sydney, urban decay is evident in the poorer quality terrace housing suburbs such as Newtown, Pyrmont, Ultimo, Glebe and Redfern, former railway workshops and yards such as Eveleigh in Redfern, former dock and railway areas in Darling Harbour and Pyrmont and former factory areas in Zetland and Rhodes. (ref. map on page 4). Sydney councils are now making an effort to upgrade and redevelop these areas of decay/urban blight through the processes of urban renewal and gentrification. Many other cities,Show MoreRelatedUrbanization in South America3311 Words   |  14 PagesIntroduction 3 II. Urbanization Process 4 III. Internal Migration and Urbanization 8 IV. Urban Systems 10 V. Conclusion 13 VI. Bibliography 14 I. Introduction Urbanization is likely to be one of the defining phenomena of the 21st Century for Latin America as well as the rest of the developing world. The world as a whole became more urban than rural sometime in 2007, a demographic change that was driven by rapid urbanization in the developingRead MoreSanta Marta Settlement Of A Farm Owned By Francisco Jose Leite6600 Words   |  27 Pagesatlantic forest, one of the first being the chapel built by Jesuit priests consecrated to Santa Marta, in which the settlement is named after (Minoja, 2012, pg41). Between 1930-1940 many people migrated from other areas of Brazil, as a result over time the settlement densified and grew downwards towards the city. In 1940 approximately 31% of Brazil’s population was living in urban areas and the first census was conducted of 14 favelas in Rio de Janeiro (Minoja, 2012). Santa Marta was one of the firstRead MoreSocial Disorganization Theory On Urban Ecology And Burgess s Concentric Model3193 Words   |  13 Pages Social Disorganization Nicole Hofmann Criminological Theory – University of Tampa â€Æ' Abstract Social Disorganization theory has its roots in urban ecology and Burgess’s concentric model. As part of the positivist paradigm of criminology, it poses a scientific examination of the connection of social disorganization and crime mediated by structural factors. The macro-level research concludes that a weakening of social bonds between an individual and institutions of socialization will lead to delinquencyRead MoreLand Use Development Patterns And The International Division Of Labor9999 Words   |  40 Pagescalled urban form, built environment, community design, spatial development, and urban geography) is referred to as the human use of the earth’s surface, including the location, type and design of infrastructure such as roads and buildings. Land use patterns can have diverse economic, social and environmental impacts and some are more accessible and so reduce transportation costs to businesses and consumers. Transportation on the other hand is the movement of people, information and goods from one locationRead MoreCompetition Between Emerging Market and Multinational Firms: Wal-Mart and Mexican Retailers6812 Words   |  28 PagesCastilla. International Journal of Management. Poole: Sep 2008. Vol. 25, Iss. 3; pg. 532, 15 pgs Abstract (Summary) We analyze how competitive dynamics within the Mexican retail sector have shifted following the entrance and ascendance of Wal-Mart, and how Mexican retailers have responded individually and collectively to Wal-Mart s dominance. 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Earthquake Literature Review - 911 Words

Review of Literature Introduction to earthquakes Earthquakes are a sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the Earth’s crust or volcanic action. Earthquakes is one of the dangerous and life threatening natural disaster which can come anytime and anywhere on the earth. Earthquakes can cause tsunami, landslides, mudslides, bigger earthquakes, and aftershocks. These can all cause significant damage property and buildings, death and injury to people and animals, floods, major disasters and emergency situations. Earthquakes are usually caused when rock underground suddenly breaks along a fault. This sudden release of energy causes the seismic waves that make the†¦show more content†¦IV. Earthquake Locations California isn’t the only state with a serious earthquake hazard. There are several lesser-known fault zones lurking in other parts of the country that are just as dangerous, if not more dangerous, than the famed San Andreas Fault. Some of these faults are capable of producing quakes bigger than the 1906 San Francisco quake, but because the time between major jolts is longer than in California, many people live near these faults don’t even know they are there. The most and largest active earthquake zone is the Pacific Rim of Fire, also known as Ring of Fire. This is a roughly horse-shaped ring around the entire Pacific basin which is characterised by frequent seismic activity - especially around regions such as California and Japan. V. Seismologist Seismologists is a person who studies earthquakes. Some geologists specialize as geophysicists, who study the physical properties and process of the Earth. This field includes seismology, or the of earthquakes. Seismologists study earthquakes so people can be aware of them and prepare. 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In this article, the research about the danger of nuclear power plants is conducted by based on previous researches and literatures . The first part is analysis of the accident, the second is the impact on society and bad influences on human body, and lastly, the prediction of earthquake follows . Throughout this article, the bad influencesRead MoreElectrical Design And Seismic Design Codes Essay1196 Words   |  5 PagesDegree in Civil Engineering A Study of Seismic Design and Seismic Design Codes Interim Report Syed Bahrami K1355168 Supervisor Dr Hamid Jahromi Abstract Earthquake engineering is a subject where a person can be overwhelmed with information but still crave for knowledge due to its unpredictable nature. Earthquakes are a natural repetitive occurrence on planet earth, which due to its devastating impact, have caused a lot of damage to structures and caused loss of life. Therefore engineersRead MoreWalcott Vs Kincaid : Views On Colonialism1443 Words   |  6 PagesViews on Colonialism Aspects of both Kincaid’s and Walcott’s literature pieces show great comparison with each other along with a few contrasting ideas. â€Å"A Far Cry from Africa† and A Small Place both demonstrate the movement from colonialism to post-colonialism and describe how the characters feel and are reacting to the major change. Walcott’s poem â€Å"The Sea is History† compares to A Small Place in the way that both pieces of literature deal with history being bias towards the person who is reflectingRead MoreIs Bamboo A Sustainable Alternative Building Material For Light Weight Construction?1703 Words   |  7 Pagesbuilding materials. This research will limit its scope to lightweight construction. Literature review will be used to establish research directions and preliminary findings. 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The personal, economic and money ramifications for the complete economy from the February earthquake are getting more severe as more data involves hand, bank economic expert Jane Turner.At a time of national crisis, once the underlying economy is already proving frustratingly weak, a rate cut would doubtless be extremelyRead MoreA Summary On Good Faith Essay1058 Words   |  5 PagesStudent name: Kaizad Dadrewala Student ID number: 2015003238 Paper title: Paper coordinator: The assignment number:1 Assignment title: Good Faith in business Contents 1.0 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2.0 Literature Review †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3.0 Approaches to Research†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4.0 Discussions on Paradigms†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5.0 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6.0 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7.0 Appendix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦

Gene Therapy Bioethics Essay Example For Students

Gene Therapy Bioethics Essay A genome is all of the DNA in a given organism. The DNA is split up into smaller groups of nucleotides called genes. Every gene contains the information for the production of a different protein. The human genome was once thought to have over 100,000 genes but it was recently found to have around 30,000 genes. The proteins produced by the genes determine different characteristics of the organism such as hair color, the ability to fight infection, some aspects of behavior, all enzymes, hormones, and almost all other characteristics of the organism. Genes are passed down from generation to generation. There is a two step process involved in order for the genes to be used. The first half of this process is called transcription. DNA is made up of four nucleotides: adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thiamin. These nucleotides are in pairs in the DNA and their order is very important because it dictates how the gene will be expressed. During transcription RNA, a similar molecule to DNA, comes in and makes the compliment copy of the DNA sequence. The second half of this process is called translation. During translation the RNA is used to make amino acids, which are then used to make a protein. Not all of the RNA is used to make the amino acids, only the sections which are between the start and stop signals. Then sets of three nucleotides called codons are used to make specific amino acids. Different sets of amino acids code for different proteins. So why is the genome so important? Because it is not only what determines many every day characteristics, it is also what determines genetic diseases that affect so many people. Therefore increasing knowledge of the genome will give us more knowledge not only about these diseases but how to cure them. In 1990, a project called the U.S. Human Genome Project was launched in order to discover all the genes in human DNA as well as the sequences of the nucleotides that make up DNA. With this knowledge we hope to accomplish many things, one of which is gene therapy. Gene therapy is a new approach to treating diseases by changing a persons genes. Not only does gene therapy hope to be used to cure genetic diseases, but there are also promises of disease prevention. There are two types of gene therapy somatic and germline. Somatic gene therapy hopes to change the gene of the patient, but this change of expression in the gene will not be passed down to the next generation. Germline gene therapy is a modification of the cells that passes change on to the next generation. Most of the work being done at this time is on somatic gene therapy. Another aspect to the discovery of the genome, which benefits gene therapy, is the ability to diagnose genetic illnesses. For example Hemochromatosis is the most common genetic illness, and also very often goes undiagnosed. Until recently, in order to diagnose Hemochromatosis one had to have a liver biopsy. Now that scientists have managed to isolate the gene for Hemochromatosis they are able to spot it using probes, a process in which small pieces of DNA are used to help locate a gene on a chromosome. With similar processes they hope to also gain the ability to test for peoples reactions to various treatments, and to eventually have the ability to eliminate diseases before they come into existence.(Cowley, Geoffrey, 2000) Recently in Current Science there was a report of the success that scientists at Johns Hopkins University had in the use of gene therapy to stop abnormal rhythms in pig hearts. The abnormal rhythms, cardiac arrhythmias are caused by either a defect in the pacemaker, cells which initiate heart muscle contraction, or by some sort of injury to the heart such as a heart attack. .u17369279eef052cc81d513703ef793d2 , .u17369279eef052cc81d513703ef793d2 .postImageUrl , .u17369279eef052cc81d513703ef793d2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u17369279eef052cc81d513703ef793d2 , .u17369279eef052cc81d513703ef793d2:hover , .u17369279eef052cc81d513703ef793d2:visited , .u17369279eef052cc81d513703ef793d2:active { border:0!important; } .u17369279eef052cc81d513703ef793d2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u17369279eef052cc81d513703ef793d2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u17369279eef052cc81d513703ef793d2:active , .u17369279eef052cc81d513703ef793d2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u17369279eef052cc81d513703ef793d2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u17369279eef052cc81d513703ef793d2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u17369279eef052cc81d513703ef793d2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u17369279eef052cc81d513703ef793d2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u17369279eef052cc81d513703ef793d2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u17369279eef052cc81d513703ef793d2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u17369279eef052cc81d513703ef793d2 .u17369279eef052cc81d513703ef793d2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u17369279eef052cc81d513703ef793d2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bipolar Disorder Essay Gene therapy was used by sending in a virus to carry copies of a gene, which blocks reactions that speed up heart rates, into one of the pacemakers. It was found that the pigs heart rates were 20 percent lower than that of the pigs who had not received gene therapy. This was a very important discovery because pigs hearts are the hearts most .

Is Hester Swane Essay Example For Students

Is Hester Swane Essay The black swan is a symbol of Hesters soul; the great fire reflects a witchs purification, it is a kind of a cleansing ritual; Catwoman, who opens a world of unreal for Hester and guides her through it, stands for the Master of a Witch Art. Catwoman embodies superstition. Though blind, she sees the future and recognizes Hester as a sister witch. However, is Hester indeed a witch? Her lover, Carthage left her for another woman, younger, more pretty, more wealthy. The whole village left her, she has no close friend with whom she could share her tragedy, despair and life failure. Even her own daughter, Josie, is more connected with the father than the mother who brought her up just by herself. Hester is getting older evry day while her life is becoming more and more complicated. She could have seemed merely selfish and self-destructive, but Marina Carr slowly unveils layers of hurt and pain beneath Hesters defiance. Hester feels weak, abandoned, left by her attractiveness, controlless, heart-broken, which all leads her directly towards madness. She is unable to change her fate, she cannot control her own emotions, sense of being and morality. She even loses her dignity. She is a scorned woman who experiences a tragic downfall. She balances between right and wrong, torments herself with dreams that are impossible to come true. She carries a vision of her happiness with her beloved man and daughter and this disillusion raises her anger and hatred towards the society she lives in , and what is interesting towards those whom she loves. Concerning the fact that Hester could have been a witch, would it not be obvious that she would do something to prevent her breakdown? Using supernatural forces based on her knowledge of magic she could have made Carthage stay with her, could have caused that the society would respect her nature, emotions and style of life. She could have destroyed all the lack of love, unhappiness and despair surrounding her. She could have even performed her witch rituals in order to foresee what is going to happen and could have avoided it through employing her magic. She could have done anything having the help of her supernatural power. Instead, she used more physical, down-to-earth practices which did not bring her any benefits. She used them as a tool for revenge, as an embodiment of her anger. Hester burned down the house to prevent Carthage to move in there with his young wife; she killed her child to hurt Carthages feelings, as he loved his daughter very much, and in order not to experience her childs lack of love towards her; she killed herself to end her constant pain and in order to avoid the necessity of facing the fate. All this indicates her inability to stear her life and deeds in a reasonable way and shows the lack of the power that an ordinary witch possesses. However, Hester could have been a witch but an extraordinary one. The one who felt some moral laws towards her future and thus, the obligation that prevented her of changing it. Maybe she has decided to let the events happen by themselves as she belived that interferring is pointless for the love and happiness she would evoke would not be real. Maybe she believs in a true love, in Carthages devotion and her daughters appreciation for what she has done to raise and protect her. Maybe she was a witch dominated by human values. Whether Hester Swane was or was not a witch, depends on the reader whose definition of a witch influences the result of the devagations above.